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REVUE DE PRESSE#PRESS REVIEW#BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA#BASIN OZET; Papers express doubt over state authority in Southeast • Lash out at state officials for bungled policies Turkish Daily News ANKARA- With Turkish dailies complying with the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) demand to close their bureaus in what it calls "Kurdistan" (the Southeast) and with kiosks forced not to sell any papers, state officials have come under fire from the press for their bungled management of the affair. "Is there no state?" asked the high-circulation Milliyet in its banner headline Tuesday. "The Southeast and East have become places where fear and uncertainty rule. Taking advantage of the power vacuum there, terrorist organi~a!ions do as they please. As terrorist aC~lVlty~nd unsol~ed murders continue, now Journahsts are bemg threatened and dail,ies cannot be distributed or sold," Milliyet said. .. "Despite the fact that terrons~ Isnow targeting the press, those responsible for state affairs do nothing but utter empty words and sta~e shows," Milliyet protested. . Newspaper offices m the Southeast have been forced to close by the PKK. Besides, the PKK has announced that it will force all reporting activity to cease in 22 to 23 provinces, including eastern Turkey. Alas, this in effect means that the sovereIgnty of the Turkish state in the region is blatantly ignored. The PKK is saying it is the sole power in the region," wrote Yalçm Dogan, a columnist for the paper. Urging Turkish politic~lleaders to. reach a consensus on a solutIOn to the Issue, Dooan said the same kind of threat could be dir~cted aoainst political parties as well. ''The PKKecould soon declare it is suspending political party activity until further notice," he added. In a front-paoe editorial Tuesda¥, Cumhuriyet, wbife qualifying the PKK s threat as "tragic," criticized government officials for their efforts to downplay the gravity of the situation and c~I1ed on Parliament to convene to tackle the Issue. "To ensure the individual's right to life is the primary responsibility of a state. If this is not the case, the existence of the state in any country is questionable," Cumhuriyet argued. "The time has come for state officials to ascribe a name to the even(s surging through the country. Some sayan undeclared civil war is raging in the country." "The. PK~ forced press members to stop reportmg m the regIOnon the pretext that the oress has been serving' ag a mere lackey Of the Southeast Emergency State Governorship. The curious thing is that Interior Minister Mehmet Gazio~lu went as far as to accuse press members of 'not having informed police and going to the meeting, ", Curnhuriyet saId. "The coalition government must decide whether there is a war raging in Turkey. If an outlawed authority strong enough to force Turkish papers to close their offices in the Southeast has come into existence, then the Turkish government must clarify the issue and not tI)' to sweep it under the rug. If the state is bemg eradicated in the eastern part of Turkey and the country is running the risk of division, attempts by the governmentto 'naturalize' the issue and downplay it are highly hazardous," Curnhuriyet maintained. Hürriyet's Oktay Ek~i, also chairman of the Press Council, directed severe criticism against Interior Minister Mehmet Gazioglu for his statements concerning the PKK ban on Turkish dailies. "Considering his previous conduct, no one could have expected a consistent statement from Gaziogfu. Yet when he criticized the press members in DiyarbaIor for failing to inform security forces of their meeting with the PKK and said they would have done whatever was necessary, no ohe thought he could be such a dreamer," Ek~i wrote in his column on Tuesday. "He says, 'Such threats by the PKK are common; we'11protect journalists.' As if journalists were kids of five. As if they would believe what he says. If Gazioglu can, he must unearth those base killers who have been murdering so many of our fellow journalists," he wrote. In a written statement on Monday, Ek~i again lashed out at government offiCIais for failure to ïmprove the condition of journalists based in the Southeast and for their frequent assault and battery of reporters. "Just as previous threats and pressures by .security forces could not silence the press, so the PKK threat cannot manaße to silence it," Ek~i said. Except for Eksi s column and the abbreviated text of an announcement by the Brussels-based FU (International Federation of Journalists) denouncing the PKK's threat, Hürriyet chose not to highlight the issue at all. . Sabah, another mass-circulation paper, followed a similar policy of downpIaying the incident - except that the paper's economic editor Necati Do~ru warned that Turkey was on the road to'becoming another Bosnia in the face of recent developments. "Anatolia wil1 become another Bosnia if things go on like this," he wrote. "Kurdish parents do not advise their offspring to lead brotherly lives with Turks. On the other hand, Turkish parents keep alive the seeds of thought that might lead to a comp,rehensive counter-cleansing operation, , Dogru maintained. Aydmhk, a lowcirculation, hard-line, leftist daily, said the whole incident was a "trap set by the state." "From now on, reportmg will be the job of the Emergency Rule Governorship, the military's Photography and Motion Pictures Center, TRT (state TV), and the (semiofficialJ Anatolia news a~ency in the Kurdishdominated provinces,' Aydmhk said. "The state has already prevented the distribution of AydlOhk 10 the region," the r.aper said in a. front-page editorial. 'Therefore, the PKK ban does not mean anything to us in effect. It is only the ratifi. cation of a practice by another power. In fact, previous pressures on Aydmhk foretold an imminent (Nazi) S5 regime. The Turkish Army knows that a military operation will claim an 'extraordinary number of lives.' It is only part of preparations for a military operation to create conditions that would allow only state-run media organizations 10 report the operation." "The PKK has fallen into the trap set by the state. With the press leaving the region for good, the place will be one where neither the media nor the people will have a say," the daily went on to say. Ertugrul I\.ürkçü, a columnist with the pro-Kurdish Ozgür Gündem, the only paper the PKK has not banned in the Southeast, criticized the mainstream Turkish press for their meek compliance with so many "ultimatums" by the Turkish Army. "Therefore, the selfsame Bablali (generic term to refer to the Turkish press en bloc) cannot stand up against the PKK ban in the name of the 'free~om of the press' without being guilty of usmg 'double standards, '" Kürkçü wrote. "Those who bow down before the state's armed forces will have to bow down before the PKK's armed forces, too," he said. Kürkçü added, however, that the adoption of a critical stance toward the ban was necessary, considering the fact that force had been used against the press. "Even if it were the case that that which uses force had moral and intellectual norms based on the loftiest press ethics, inequality would emerge," he said.."So it is now up to Ozgür Gündem to adopt a stance where it can criticize the one with the power." 88
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET; ...when the state ceases to exist in a region IInur Çevik EDITORIAL NEW YORK The clandestine Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)has successfully carried out its threat and effectively paralyzed not only the sales of Turkishnewspapersïn the troubled provincial capital of Diyarbakir in southeast Turkey but has also forced the closure of newspaper offices thus crippling the press. The New York Timeson Monday quoting a lawyer of Kurdish origin in Diyarbakir summed it up in the following quote: "The PKK'sstrength lies mostly in the fact that the state has ceased to be a state in the region. - We informed President Süleyman Demirel about this situation on numerous times in the past yet we faced a stone wall in recent times. Gone is that great statesman who transformed this country from a semi-democracy to a country where its people are vocal and can at least speak up for their rights. We still believe that Demirel is the only person in this country with any kind of leadership quality to drag us out of the current mess. We have unfortunately closely observed Tansu Çiller's performance in the U.S.as a "leader' and a politician and we have to say neither the bright remarks for her at the White House nor her "charm' has convinced us that she has the ability or the desire to take on the Kurdish issue realistically and with determination. We realized during this trip that the pri[Tle minister had no idea whatsoever of what was going on in southeastern Turkey while the journalists accompanying her were much better informed on the deteriorating situation in Diyarbakir ... The PKKrecently rounded up newspaper representatives in Diyarbakir in broad daylight and took them to a mountain hideout where they were told to close down the offices of their newspaper in the region. On Tuesday many of them complied, an act which was condemned by the government and other official circles. Besides all this, the PKK effectively halted the distribution of all Turkishnewspapers in the region and we are told now that soldiers are being used to partially distribute the papers. What does all this mean? It simply means the Turkishstate has gone bankrupt in the region as the New York Times suggested ... We have been warnIng against all this for over a year. We had come under fire from officiaI circles for our predIctions, which had forced us to say we were fed up of having to soy we have been . proven right so many times in the past -and that we just did not want to be right again on such an issue; But we were right again ... ff a state cannot provide security for its journalists and cannot create the conditions for the free distribution of publications, and a terrorist organization plays havoc in a regIon of the country, Questions & Answers • Why and how did the PKK impose its press ba.n that went into effect on Tuesday? AccordIng to the organization, the ban is in reaction to biased reporting from the region and recent pressure place? on pro-Kurdish publications and journalists by secunty forces. The PKK says it no longer needs the pre,ss to carry its message, that the journalists should resIgn, and that newspapers should close their offices in the region. • How long will the ban last? The PKK has imposed the ban for an indefinite period, but local newspaper representatives believe it will last ~or onl~ about a month, until the organization comm~mca~es ItS message. PKK sources say that during thIS penod, there may be a softening of the ban, with the P,KK. making a distinction between reporters and publIcatIOns. Currently, newspapers like Özgür Gün~em and the Kurd-Ha agency are allowed to remaIn open and work, because they are regarded by the PKK as part of the "[Kurdish] national" press. • What was the status of press freedoms in southeast Turkey before the PKK ban? Jn ,the past 18 months, a total of 14 journalists reportIng on human rights and the Kurdish issue have been ki~led by unidentified assassins. Amnesty InternatIOnal and the local population believe that security forces were involved in the extra-judicial murder~. There was a, systemat!.c campaign launched agamst newsp'~pers such as Ozgür Gündem and the weekly Yeni Ulke. Recently, five newspaper distributhen the only thing ieft is for the government (not just the interior minister) to resign and make way for a new government that can restore the credibility of the state in southeastern Turkey. The interior minister cannot complain about the press by saying that n~wspapers bowed to PKKthreats. We would oniy blame the Turkishpress for its unconditional support for a government that can not provide security, even for their off/ces in Diyarbakir ... So the rough tactics of the authorities, and the so-called "military solution' ali seem to be going down the drain. Now is the time for Demirei to show ieadership. He is our only hope. 89
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