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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRODE LA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET; points in a writien statement. Interior Minister Mehmet Gazioglu first said he was killed in Lice, by a PKK sniper using a special type of rifle. It was reported that he was killed with a single bullet. Later, following Ciller's summit, the information was revised, tnat the general was killed during a clash with the terrorists in Kulp while supervising his troops. At one point, he was announced as havmg been killed on the Lice-Kulp road. The Chief of Staff statement concluded that' Gen. Aydin was martyred around Il :20 am while. in the military headquarters in Lice, by terrorists opening fire from houses. President leyman Demirel, during the weekend, Sü- said the peneraI was killed by "an accidental bullet,' which seemed to imply what the PKK later said. According to PKK Military Council comma1.1derCemil BaYlk who issueda statement to Ozgür Gündem on Sunday, the PKK had nothi~g to do with the, killin8' "The general was kined by ~he state, , he saldbluntly. . (iller enters this week as Turkey's major . power circles are divided on what to do to solve the terrorism crisis which has engulfed the whole of the country. Sources report this' division exists in all quarters, including Par- Iianlenl. A group of hard-line deputies ment are now said to be seeking in Parlia- a "national consensus government" allegedly to avoid a pro-American military coup which aims at creatin& an autonomous hin TurKey. Kurdish region wit- This move alone reflects that at least one gro.upof deputies h.ave come to the pointof losmg confidence m the country's. security forces. W~ile ~ot ~aying so openly they appear to be Imphcatmg some commanders in a West~m plot -- something that to the same meamng as treason. Meanwhile, there are reports that another "comf!Ûttee" is being established, along with 18 retIred officers and officers still in service, to seek a peaceful solution to the issue. ~umors in Parliame~t have it thatthis body alms even at contactmg the PKK leadership for this cause. . The most important contradiction though is in (iller's appeal for national consensus and her relations with the President. Demirel has opposed many of the recent steps taken by (iller for a peaceful solution, including debating the so-called Basque model for Turkey. Her appeals for national consensus, on the other h~nd, se~~ now t~ be an effort to gather major pohtIcal partIes and the Turkish peo~le around a new military strategy. When seeking sucha consensus, the Prime Minister has given no indication that she will seek the view~ of the main party in the contlict: the KurdIsh people. Thus, efforts appear to be aimed at instituting a rougher pohcy in the region but with the full understanding and support of the people and national press. Turkey, whIch is~eali~g wIth. its age-old. KurdIsh problem whIle stlIJ refusmg to realize sucha problem exists, is entering now a new stage in its struggle. Po~er circles are divided on v,:hat to do. An~ara sti.Ulacks any' concrete pohcy. The dommant vIew is for a .full-scale military campai~n to end terrorism. According to Demirel, "tnere is no Kurdish issue. The issue is one of terrorism." And Çiller still believes thatrestoring Kurdish fIghts "is only giving them the hand after which they will demand the whole arm." Meanwhile, the PKK is fighting for control and entering its own new stage in the battle. In the words of the PKK's European; representative Kani y'I1maz, (who is also PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan's political advisor) "~hat is happening now is a question of authonty." . "We are showing who the real authority is" Yilmaz said last week. Hürriyet columnist Rauf Tamer wrote on Sunday: "Journalism is finished inthe SOlit- . heast. Politics is banned in the Southeast. . The shutters are closed. There is no trade. Television antennas are being pulled down from the roofs, Goodby to teleVIsion. Education has ended. Mayors offices are closed. Justice is under threat. Property is under fire . The state is on vacation." This week, the sta~ te is expected to decide on what it can really do and this alone will show to all, how far the crisis has gone. What is evident for now isthe dominance of the PKK which until recently was only "a handful of bandits" for Ankara officials. The PKK has, for the time being, led to a cabinet reshuffle. Many as~ . what it willlead to in the future and how safe the future of Turkish democracy remains to be ... Southeastern Anatolia Project: lurkey on its way to regenerate cradle of civilization • GAP has already started yielding economic returns even at this stage, much earlier than the estimated completion date of the. year2005 • 'The true returns of the projects will be obtained when, after its completion, regional development gaps in Turkey will have diminished substantially and therefore the reasons for certain social prablems will have been eliminated, ' says Dr. Olcay Ünver, president of the GAP Regional . Development Administration By Burak Bekdil Turkish Daily News ANKA~A- In the difficult times of growing separatist terror in the region and extremely tough financial constraints on the 118 state budget, Ankarais' silently proceedIng with one of the world's largest development projects, the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), on which public spending worth TL I billion (approximately $75 million) is. bein~ made every hour. Described as one of the' Seven Wonders of the World" by the American quarterly journal "Infrastructure ,Finance," tile GAP, with its 495 individual projects, represents a fully integrated development projeCt with social, urban, infrastructural, irrigation, agricultural, industrial and environmental aspects. Recent criti- . cisms that the Southeast area, the least developed in Turkey, absorbs enormous government funding and thus creates regional unfairness are rejected by the authorities. "The feasibility of the entire project is so clear, economically as well as socIally. Allgovemments have fully committed themsely.es to develop the region," says Dr. Okay Unver, presidenlof the GAP ~egional. Development Administration. Dr. Unver told the Turkish Daily News in an exclusive interview thatthe project has started yielding economic returns even at this stage, mucb earlier than the estimated completIOn date of the year 2005. "The government has planned to invest TL. 8.4 trillion on the GAP this year. Four unIts of the total planned eight of the Atatürk Dam started electricity production ' last year, and the output so far has reached more than 5 bil~ion kWh, which corresponds to an. ec
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW..BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET; Some years ago the project administrators were accused of focusin!Z too much on the supe:stru~tural a.spects of the projec.t and thus Ignonng the mfrastructure dimensIOn. Ünver responds: "A comprehensive study Ill}. the ~f,~g,ionhas .produced a total. of 240 w. f(\lS~.'ljct.\Ire. pr9\~cls. to, ~o ,hand I,n h.~nd .with tbe, main pr~ect. They mclude .'ll' I?ch selection of urban development, drlnkmg 'water, sewage. irrigation, electricity and telecommunications schemes. "Today we have completed all infrastructure works in towns with 10,000 plus. The political a population of authority often reveals its commitment to the full-scale realization of both the urban and the rural infrastructure design of the region," he said. The significance of the infrastructure aspect has been clearly underlined by the sCientific facts and figures. "The unit cost of mfrastructure in ~Irnak township would automatically triple if the residents here ll1igrate to, say. the city of tzmir," explains Unver. Recently, there have been reports that financial' 'struction bottlenecks put a halt to the conof Urfa Tunnels, the world's largest i~~ation tunnels at 25 feet in diameter. The urfa Tunnels were designed so as to oive life to the arid Harran Plain. fhe problems, however, stem directly from skyrocketing cement prices, which put the.contracting firm into financial difficulty. The Turkish Daily News learned from State Hvdraulic Works authorities that the originai agreement with Akpmar tn~aat, the contractor of the tunnels, states that the payments to this firm should be made in terms of the U.S. dollar, as a sort of precaution to protect the company from the erosion of mflation. Yet the Turkish lira depreciation against the dollar has fallen much short of the increase in cement prices, thus causing losses for the contractor. Akpmar applied to the government for compensation, but no decision has been made so far. Were there any financial problems delaying the entire project? "No, there are no problems on an integrated level. One can Imagine there may be delays and problems on individual project levels in an integrated project of 495 projects. But I can say that there are no serious problems to delay the entire project," he noted. Ünyer commented: "It is very fortunate that financial problems that the GAP has had to face are at the minimum. Such problems occur very rarely and are then resolved very quickly. This ste~~ from the f~ct that there IS undisI>uted polttlcal and SOCialconsensus on the GAP.' Asked whether the bu~~etary constraints may delay the project, unver said that a financial blockage to the routine development of the project is very likely beca~s~ of the commitments of the present political authority. "Moreover, the economic returns of th~ individual projects w!1l increase passage of time, helpmg finance wit~ the the lOte. grated project. The GAP is no more a pro- Ject whose returns would be obtained in the future," he added. Upon a landmark visit to the povertystricken Southe~t in spri~g 1993, President Süleyman Demirel had given orders for an economic revival package to boost econom; ic activity. The State Planning 9rganization (OPT) concluded a comprehenSIVe study on the r.rogram and policymakers decided that the 'Eastern Anatolia Action Plan" should be properly coordinated with the GAP. "The OPT designed the plan in coordination with our experts. I refer to a five-year perspective plan that details the projects to be undertaken by our transportation, aoricul> tural and infrastructural programs," Dnyer explains. "The plan well reflects the intçgrated characteristics' of the GAP.1t aims to raise the social indicator's of the region at least to the national averages." He also points to some aspects that are usually ignored when such deve~opment projects are being undertaken: environment and sustainability. ., "Sustainability has defimtely Impo~ed a new condition for all facets of development. Dr. Olcay Ünver, president of the GAP Regional Development Administration ..nver graduated from the Middle East Technical University (METU) U with a B.S. in Civil Engineering in 1979. He received his M.S. in Civil Engineering from the same university in 1981 and, in 1987, eamed a PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of Texas in the United States. He worked as an engineer in the infrastructure project of Batikent, Ankara; a research assistant at METU; a research assistant and a research associate at the University ofTexas and a staff engineer at the Lower Colorado River Authority iri the United States. He returned to Turkey i,n 1988 and worked as the water resources specialist at the GAP Project Management Unit of the State Planmng Orgamzation, where he later became a deputy director. In November 1989, the Pnme Ministry's GAP Regional Development Administration was founded and Dr. Ünver was appointed as the regional director in SanllUrfa. In June 1991, he became the president It has also made rf e~sential to adopt an mtegrated approach to development, as opposed to the fragmented, of the past. ' project-specific approach We now know that sustainable irrigation development can be achieved. Mistakes made in the past, in the developing . developed countries alike, provide and the us valuable information as to Jhe possible quences," according to Unyer. conse- Experts have been conducting an environmental impact assessment study in the Southeast. In the meantime, SOCIOlogists have been carrying out field studies. "Social dimension cancé. We know that is of great we should signifi- pay due regard to social sustainability," he said. The GAP make policymakers believe that they will great use of an exclusive study completed recently by a group of academicians, led by Professor W. Henruicxhsmeyer from Bonn University and Professor Haluk Kasnakoglu from the Middle East Technical University. The study, titled. "GAP Marketing and Crop Pattern Slùdies" willrepresent a major guideline to final shaping ~f the agro-business policies in the region, Unver noted. of the administration. Dr. Ünver has published papers in interna~ional journal~ and conference and symposIUm presentatIOns. He is a member of nationa[ and international professional associations and serves on teclïnical committees. 119
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INSTITUT URD DE PARIS Bulletin de l
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SOlnlnaire ~ Destruction de la vill
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THE FINANCIAL TIMES /October 13,199
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Impressions of Igdlr: Another city
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