Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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Table 1. Selected plant families negative for Xylella fastidiosa in one or more species with ELISA and in some cases, also with dilution plating in 2003. Family Number of plant specimens Cupressaceae 2 Cyperaceae 14 Euphorbiaceae 12 Juncaceae 3 Onagraceae 12 Poaceae 43 Solanaceae 16 Taxodiaceae 7 Vitaceae z (excluding Vitis vinifera, V. aestivalis) 31 z Cissus trifoliata (L.) L., Parthenocissus spp., V. mustangensis Buckl., V. berlandieri Planch. Table 2. Plant families with one or more species positive for Xylella fastidiosa with serology and dilution plating in 2003. Family Species Apocynaceae Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) Asteraceae [five species, see Table 3] Fabaceae Redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) Fagaceae Red oak (Quercus sp.) y Platanaceae Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) Sapindaceae Western soapberry (Sapindus saponaria L.) Ulmaceae Cedar elm (Ulmus crassifolia Nutt.) Vitaceae European grape (Vitis vinifera L.) z y D. Appel, T. Kurdyla and M.Vest, unpublished data. z Also in 2004, V. aestivalis Michx L. Moreno, cv. Cynthiana/Norton, by serology and immunofluorescence; M. Black, cv. Lenoir (uncertain parentage) by serology with dilution plating pending. Table 3. Five weed species in Asteraceae collected near four vineyards and positive for Xylella fastidiosa with serology and dilution plating in summer and fall 2003. Percent positive Serology Common name Scientific name Longevity (ELISA) Dilution plating Perennial (western) Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Perennial 33% N=54 y 65% z N=17 ragweed Red-spike Mexican Ratibida colunifera (Nutt.) Perennial 19% N=48 89% N=9 hat Woot. & Standl. Hierba del marrano Symphyotrichum Annual 21% N=14 100% N=3 (slim aster) divaricatum (Nutt.) Nesom Great (giant) ragweed Ambrosia trifida L. Annual 57% N=7 75% N=4 Common sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Annual 25% N=12 33% N=3 y Number of specimens tested. z Dilution plating usually done only with samples positive or questionable positive with serology. Table 4. Xylella fastidiosa c.f.u./g u estimates for wine grape and five Asteraceae weed species at four locations in the Texas Hill Country in 2003. Vineyard location and history Plant species Llano PD v Gillespie PD w Travis no PD v Gillespie no PD x Wine grape 10 6 -10 8 10 6 -10 7 - y - Perennial (western) ragweed 10 4 -10 6 10 6 -10 7 10 3 -10 6 0 Mexican hat 10 6- 10 7 10 3 10 3 -10 6 0 Great (giant) ragweed 10 6 - . z . Common sunflower 10 5 - . . Hierba del marrano 10 7 - 10 4 0 u Colony forming units per gram of xylem-rich plant tissue. v Near riparian habitats. w Near smaller, varied, somewhat seasonal riparian habitats. x Not near significant riparian habitat. y Species found but not sampled, or ELISA-negative sample not dilution plated. z Species not found. - 169 -
Table 5. Winter, spring and summer 2004 survey of Mexican hat and perennial (western) ragweed for colonization by Xylella fastidiosa near four Texas Hill Country vineyards. Results of dilution plating on PWG semi-selective medium were all negative through August 2004. Location and PD history Season Gillespie PD Llano PD Gillespie No PD Travis No PD ------------------- Positive samples, % (N=total number of samples) -------------------- Winter (Feb, Mar) 17% (N=30) 20% (N=40) . z 43% (N=37) Spring (Apr, May) 9% (N=33) 5% (N=41) . 20% (N=41) Summer (Jun-Aug) 0% (N=6) 10% (N=10) 20% (N=4) 83% (N=5) z Site not sampled. REFERENCES Hill, B.L. and A. H. Purcell. 1995. Acquisition and retention of Xylella fastidiosa by an efficient vector, Graphocephala atropunctata. Phytopath. 85:209-212. Hopkins, D.L. 1984. Variability of virulence in grapevine among isolates of the Pierce’s disease bacterium. Phytopath. 74:1395-1398. Hopkins, D.L. 1988. Production of diagnostic symptoms of blight in citrus inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa. Plant Dis. 72:432-435. Li, W.-B., C.-H. Zhou, W. D. Pria, Jr., D. C. Teixeira, V. S. Miranda, E. O. Pereira, A. J. Ayers, C.-X. He, P. I. Costa, and J. S. Hartung. 2002. Citrus and coffee strains of Xylella fastidioa induce Pierce’s disease in grapevine. Plant Dis. 86:1206-1210. Purcell, A. H. and D. L. Hopkins. 1996. Fastidious xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 34:131-151. FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided in part through a cooperative agreement between the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and Texas A & M University. - 170 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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Page 61 and 62: BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
Page 63 and 64: Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
Page 65 and 66: EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
Page 67 and 68: REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
Page 69 and 70: PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
Page 71 and 72: Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
Page 73 and 74: Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
Page 75 and 76: A more interesting analysis using t
Page 77 and 78: MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
Page 79 and 80: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
Page 81 and 82: No egg masses were recorded on olea
Page 83 and 84: EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
Page 85 and 86: Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
Page 87 and 88: EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
Page 89 and 90: Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
Page 91 and 92: A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
Page 93 and 94: REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
Page 95 and 96: Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
Page 97 and 98: REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2 shows the average numbers
Page 101 and 102: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Page 103 and 104: REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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Page 109: RESULTS Some plant families had no
Page 113 and 114: 16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
Page 115 and 116: DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
Page 117 and 118: Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
Page 119 and 120: CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
Page 121 and 122: Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
Page 123 and 124: P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
Page 125 and 126: Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
Page 127 and 128: Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
Page 129 and 130: Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
Page 131 and 132: III. Production of transgenic plant
Page 133 and 134: RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
Page 135 and 136: CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
Page 137 and 138: Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
Page 139 and 140: ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
Page 141 and 142: Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
Page 143 and 144: outer membrane fractions using two-
Page 145 and 146: 1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
Page 147 and 148: DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
Page 149 and 150: Strain Name Host of Origin County o
Page 151 and 152: ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
Page 153 and 154: wild-type cells was not conclusive
Page 155 and 156: DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
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Page 159 and 160: MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Americas and since most of the plan
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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
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CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
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RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
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Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
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In parallel, an “activating trans
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PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
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% of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
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DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
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Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
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PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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probing activities). In preliminary
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the slow release valve was opened a
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12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
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The almost complete absence of info
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QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
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Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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multiply to relatively high (easily
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SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
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Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
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Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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The state variables, process functi
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
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Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
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CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
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EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
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Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
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Based on the in silico analysis, de
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CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
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Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
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RESULTS During the reporting period
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
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DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
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Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
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and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
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100 100 0.056 North America 100 0.0
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GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG GEOGR
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Table 1. Single-populations descrip
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MOLECULAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN POPUL
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These novel observations strongly s
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SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN TWO MITOCHON
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Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
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DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
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A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
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THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
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We have dissected and identified al
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REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
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REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
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Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
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the proposed exploratory work; thes
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SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
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REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
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some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
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7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Imm
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Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
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IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
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concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
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anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
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SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
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MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
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pfF mutants are taken up by insects
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Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
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Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
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patterns differed among the lines,
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Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
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mind, we conducted an additional st
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REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
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RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
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COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
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More tests are in progress to addre
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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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