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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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4. mature cecropin A with no signal peptide sequence<br />

The authenticity of the PCR-amplified sequences was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing in both directions and the<br />

constructs are currently being used to generate transgenic A. thaliana by standard procedures.<br />

Table 1. Effect of cecropins and kanamycin against the growth of X. fastidiosa<br />

Concentration<br />

(µM)<br />

Increase in bacterial concentration in comparison to cultures lacking antibiotic<br />

Week 1 (% ± s.d.) Week 2 (% ± s.d.) Week 3 (% ± s.d.)<br />

cecropin A 0.5 69 ± 3 47 ± 47 64 ± 42<br />

0.25 72 ± 10 80 ± 21 117 ± 5<br />

0.1 103 ± 13 68 ± 2 87 ± 25<br />

0.05 110 ± 46 50 ± 1 91 ± 22<br />

cecropin B 0.5 69 ± nd 114 ± 6 87 ± 45<br />

0.25 63 ± 31 75 ± nd 110 ± 15<br />

0.1 72 ± 101 128 ± 63 90 ± nd<br />

0.05 93 ± 17 101 ± 18 74 ± 10<br />

cecropin P1 0.5 98 ± 18 70 ± 40 70 ± 62<br />

0.25 82 ± 18 98 ± nd 120 ± 17<br />

0.1 111 ± 52 93 ± 24 72 ± 24<br />

0.05 93 ± 10 99 ± 22 73 ± 18<br />

kanamycin 2 11 ± 3 9 ± 8 16 ± 2<br />

1 19 ± 8 32 ±39 33 ± 22<br />

0.5 42 ±16 77 ± 9 103 ± 16<br />

0.25 60 ± 13 72 ± 17 105 ± 12<br />

nd = not determined<br />

Table 2. Effect of recombinant cecropin A on the growth of E. coli<br />

Source of recombinant cecropin A Inoculum dose Inhibition<br />

(bacteria/mL) (%)<br />

Sf21 cell pellet (1 x 10 5 cells) 1.1 x 10 3 3.1 ± 13.2<br />

Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 1.1 x 10 3 99.7 ± 0.1<br />

Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 1.0 x 10 4 57.9 ± 1.6<br />

Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 8.5 x 10 4 51.6 ± 0.2<br />

Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 7.3 x 10 5 13.1 ± 0.1<br />

Sf21 cell supernatant (1:5 diluted) 7.0 x 10 5 11.1 ± 0.2<br />

Sf21 cell supernatant (1:10 diluted) 7.0 x 10 5 2.5 ± 0.1<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Darjean, D.H., E.L. Civerolo, and B.C. Kirkpatrick, In vitro growth inhibition of <strong>Xylella</strong> fastidiosa by selected metallic<br />

plant micronutrients and antibiotics. Phytopathology, 2000. 90(6 Supplement): p. S17-S18.<br />

2. Lacava, P.T., et al., RAPD profile and antibiotic susceptibility of <strong>Xylella</strong> fastidiosa, causal agent of citrus variegated<br />

chlorosis. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2001. 33(4): p. 302-306.<br />

3. Hancock, R.E.W. and G. Diamond, The role of cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defences. Trends in<br />

Microbiology, 2000. 8(9): p. 402-410.<br />

4. Tossi, A., L. Sandri, and A. Giangaspero, Amphipathic, alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides. Biopolymers, 2000. 55(1):<br />

p. 4-30.<br />

5. Hancock, R.E.W. and D.S. Chapple, Peptide antibiotics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999. 43(6): p. 1317-<br />

1323.<br />

6. Mor, A., Peptide-based antibiotics: A potential answer to raging antimicrobial resistance. Drug Development Research,<br />

2000. 50(3-4): p. 440-447.<br />

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