Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PARASITOIDS OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER AND OTHER HOMALODISCA SPECIES IN SOUTHEASTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN MEXICO Project Leaders: Mark S. Hoddle Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Cooperators: David J. W. Morgan California Dept. of Food and Agriculture Riverside, CA 92521 Serguei V. Triapitsyn Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Svetlana Myartseva Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico Reporting Period: The results reported here are from work conducted from July 1, 2004 to October 6, 2004. ABSTRACT According to the proposed (and approved) research timetable, work on this project will commence as early as in January 2005, when we may have the first chance to collect parasitized egg masses of Homalodisca spp. in Mexico. This report is only for information purposes about this project. INTRODUCTION Egg parasitoids of the Glassy-winged Sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca coagulata (Say), were discovered through survey activities conducted throughout USA and northeastern Mexican states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, which resulted in collection, introduction, and release in California of several species of mymarid eggs parasitoids (Gonatocerus spp.) (Morgan et al. 2000; Triapitsyn et al., 2002; Triapitsyn & Hoddle, 2001, 2002). During 2003 and 2004, we conducted a survey of egg parasitoids of GWSS in central and eastern USA (Hoddle & Triapitsyn, 2003, 2004). According to McKamey (2002), the native host range of GWSS also includes central and southern Mexico, well beyond the currently known range mapped by Triapitsyn & Phillips (2000). McKamey’s (2002) report is supported by the CLIMEX-predicted distribution range of GWSS (Hoddle 2004; also Map below). Here we propose the final step in the development of a classical biological control program against GWSS in California: to search new climatically suitable areas in Mexico for GWSS parasitoids. Additionally, our previous exploratory work in Mexico (in the States of San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas and Veracruz) during 1999-2003 resulted in the discovery of at least two new, undescribed species of Homalodisca egg parasitoids, which are related to G. ashmeadi Girault and G. morrilli (Howard) but differ from those both morphologically (Triapitsyn et al. 2002) and genetically (D. Vickerman, unpubl. data). These parasitoids need to be recollected in Mexico and tested as potential biological control agents against GWSS in California. OBJECTIVES This project has two main objectives: 1. Search for and collect egg parasitoids in southern-most home range of GWSS and other Homalodisca species in southeastern and southwestern Mexico; and 2. Introduction and establishment of quarantine cultures of the selected species and their following initial evaluation for potential establishment in California. RESULTS There are no results to be reported at this time. The following experimental procedures will be used to accomplish the above objectives: Exploratory Work. Search for and collect egg parasitoids of southern-most home range of GWSS and other Homalodisca species (in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas (southern part), Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Campeche, Oaxaca, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo) for introduction into California, establishment of cultures in UCR quarantine, and a following evaluation. Several short exploratory trips will be made to those states during winter and spring 2005 and parasitized egg masses of Homalodisca will be collected there and sent to UCR quarantine facility under the existing permit. The two already known egg parasitoids of GWSS from Tamaulipas and adjacent Mexican states (G. near ashmeadi and G. near morrilli) will be recollected from known localities. Quarantine and Identification Work Colonies of the selected parasitoids will be established in UCR quarantine using GWSS as a host (fresh egg masses will be supplied by David Morgan). Voucher specimens of the collected parasitoids will require appropriate curation as a result of - 339 -
the proposed exploratory work; these will need to be critically point-dried from ethanol, point- or card-mounted, labeled, slide-mounted, and identified to genera and species. DNA analyses will be conducted if necessary. Figure 1. Current and CLIMEX-predicted geographical range of GWSS. Large blue dots indicate good climatic conditions for GWSS. Small blue dots are marginal habitats. x on map indicate unsuitable areas. Home range boundary of Homalodisca coagulata AR V NC SC TX LA MS AL GA Mexico Ecoclimatic Index FL CONCLUSIONS Research to be conducted in the course of this project will be of benefit primarily to the CDFA GWSS Biological Control Program as well as to other biocontrol specialists and agencies conducting projects against GWSS in California such as the USDA-APHIS. Ultimately, we hope that this project will be beneficial to California’s agriculture. REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. 2004. The potential adventive geographic range of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata, and the grape pathogen <strong>Xylella</strong> fastidiosa: implications for California and other grape growing regions of the world. Crop Protect. In press. Hoddle, M. S. and S. V. Triapitsyn. 2003. Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of the Glassy-winged Sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA, pp. 261-262. In: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 8-11, 2003, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California. Organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, R. Spencer, L. Houser, A. Ba and T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 323 p. Hoddle, M. S. and S. V. Triapitsyn. 2004. Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of the Glassy-winged Sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA. In: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 7-10, 2004. McKamey, S. H. 2002. Developing a stable classification of the glassy-winged sharpshooter genus Homalodisca, pp. 122- 123. In: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 15-18, 2002, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California. Organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt, and T. Esser), Digital Logistix, Sacramento. Morgan, D. J. W., S. V. Triapitsyn, R. A. Redak, L. G. Bezark, and M. S. Hoddle. 2000. Biological control of the glassywinged sharpshooter: current status and future potential, pp.167-171. In: [Proceedings] California Conference on Biological Control, held July 11-12, 2000 at the historic Mission Inn, Riverside, California (M. S. Hoddle, Ed.), 205 pp. Triapitsyn, S. V., L. G. Bezark and D. J. W. Morgan. 2002. Redescription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 78: 34-42. Triapitsyn, S. V. and M. S. Hoddle. 2001. Search for and collect egg parasitoids of glassy-winged sharpshooter in southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico, pp. 133-134. In: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 5-7, 2001, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, San Diego, California. Organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 141 pp. - 340 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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increase our present understanding
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BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
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Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
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EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
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REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
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PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
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Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
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Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
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A more interesting analysis using t
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MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
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POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
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No egg masses were recorded on olea
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EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
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Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
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EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
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Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
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REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
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CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
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Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
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P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
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Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
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Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
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Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
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III. Production of transgenic plant
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RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
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CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
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Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
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Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
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outer membrane fractions using two-
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1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
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DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
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Strain Name Host of Origin County o
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ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
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wild-type cells was not conclusive
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DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
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S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
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MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Americas and since most of the plan
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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
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CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
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RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
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Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
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In parallel, an “activating trans
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PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
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% of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
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DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
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Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
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PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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probing activities). In preliminary
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the slow release valve was opened a
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12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
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The almost complete absence of info
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QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
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Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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multiply to relatively high (easily
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SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
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Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
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Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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The state variables, process functi
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
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Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Page 231 and 232: CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
Page 233 and 234: EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
Page 235 and 236: Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
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Page 243 and 244: RESULTS During the reporting period
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Page 265 and 266: Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
Page 267 and 268: DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
Page 269 and 270: A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
Page 271 and 272: THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
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Page 275 and 276: REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
Page 277 and 278: REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
Page 279: Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
Page 283 and 284: SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
Page 285 and 286: REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
Page 287 and 288: some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
Page 289 and 290: 7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Imm
Page 291 and 292: Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
Page 293 and 294: IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
Page 295 and 296: concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
Page 297 and 298: anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
Page 299 and 300: SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
Page 301 and 302: MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
Page 303 and 304: pfF mutants are taken up by insects
Page 305 and 306: Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
Page 307 and 308: Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
Page 309 and 310: patterns differed among the lines,
Page 311 and 312: Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
Page 313 and 314: mind, we conducted an additional st
Page 315 and 316: REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
Page 317 and 318: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
Page 319 and 320: COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
Page 321 and 322: More tests are in progress to addre
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