Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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undergraduate to assist. The data storage and web server is currently on order. I plan on presenting the plan for this database with PD investigators at the December conference. FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided by the CDFA Pierce’s Disease and Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Board. - 265 -
Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 IMPROVING DETECTION OF PIERCE'S DISEASE INFECTED GRAPEVINES Cooperators: Rayda K. Krell Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Carmen Gispert Viticulture Farm Advisor UC Cooperative Extension Riverside County Indio, CA 92201 Charles A. Farrar Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Yong-Lak Park Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Reporting Period: The results reported here are from work conducted from July 1, 2003 to October 9, 2004. ABSTRACT Monitoring grapevines for Pierce’s disease (PD) is an important component of disease management and epidemiology research. Currently, there are no guidelines for how to choose plant tissue from grapevines for detecting diseased vines. This study was initiated to develop criteria to increase the likelihood of detecting grapevines infected with PD. Grapevines naturally infected with PD were identified from vineyards in the Coachella Valley and Temecula, California. Grapevine canes were removed from three vineyards with three different grape varieties: Perlette, Superior Seedless, and Chardonnay. The probability of detecting a PD-positive cane was greater in petioles tested from basal portions of canes. No differences were found between healthy and PD-infected canes in internodal distance, petiole weight, petiole length, or the number of leaves occurring at branches on canes. In preliminary observations, 9.5% of petioles from PD-infected vines were PDpositive, but had asymptomatic leaves and 16.1% of petioles were PD-negative, but had symptomatic leaves. Healthy vines had 16.7% of petioles with symptomatic leaves that were PD-negative. Symptoms were more apparent on leaves from basal cane portions and asymptomatic PD-infected petioles were more common on distal cane portions. Image analysis to confirm these results is in progress. INTRODUCTION A major component of Pierce's disease (PD) research in California has been grapevine sampling to monitor PD incidence in vineyards. Identification of PD-infected vines is important for management and investigating disease epidemiology. University of California guidelines for management suggest removal of chronically infected vines to reduce the possibility of secondary disease spread and increase vineyard productivity by replanting with healthy vines (Varela et al. 2001). Relatively new programs in Kern County (Hashim et al. 2003) and the Coachella Valley (Perring et al. 2003) have been implemented to monitor PD in areas where it had been thought to be uncommon. Most PD monitoring programs have been based on preliminary identification of infected vines based on PD symptoms (Hashim et al. 2003, Perring et al. 2003). Unfortunately, PD symptoms can be similar to other grape diseases and nutrient deficiencies (Varela et al. 2001) and diseased vines may be asymptomatic early in disease progression. To definitively identify infected vines, plant tissue should be tested by a reliable diagnostic method such as culturing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or polymerase chain reaction. Protocols for sampling to detect infected vines in vineyards are needed to reliably detect PD. A first step to preparing such a protocol is determination of the best approach for choosing plant tissue for diagnostic tests. OBJECTIVES 1. Determine the probability of detecting a PD positive vine based on petiole location on individual grape canes. 2. Compare the morphology of healthy and PD-infected grape canes for potential differences that could aid in identifying infected vines. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of using PD foliar symptoms for choosing plant tissue for diagnostic tests. RESULTS Naturally-infected grapevines with PD were identified from two vineyards in the Coachella Valley and one vineyard in Temecula. Varieties at the three respective locations were Perlette (3 vines), Superior Seedless (6 vines), and Chardonnay (5 vines). Three canes from each vine were removed. Each leaf from the canes was photographed, and intact individual petioles were weighed and tested for PD by ELISA. Additionally, in the Coachella Valley three canes were harvested from - 266 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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increase our present understanding
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BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
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Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
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EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
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REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
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PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
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Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
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Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
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A more interesting analysis using t
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MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
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POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
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No egg masses were recorded on olea
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EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
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Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
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EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
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Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
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REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
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CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
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Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
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P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
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Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
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Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
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Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
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III. Production of transgenic plant
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RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
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CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
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Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
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Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
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outer membrane fractions using two-
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1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
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DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
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Strain Name Host of Origin County o
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ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
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wild-type cells was not conclusive
Page 155 and 156: DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
Page 157 and 158: S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
Page 159 and 160: MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
Page 161 and 162: GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Page 165 and 166: EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
Page 167 and 168: CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
Page 169 and 170: RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
Page 171 and 172: Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
Page 173 and 174: In parallel, an “activating trans
Page 175 and 176: PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
Page 177 and 178: % of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
Page 179 and 180: DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Page 181 and 182: Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
Page 183 and 184: PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
Page 185 and 186: GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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Page 189 and 190: probing activities). In preliminary
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Page 195 and 196: The almost complete absence of info
Page 197 and 198: QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
Page 199 and 200: Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
Page 201 and 202: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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Page 205: SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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Page 221 and 222: OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
Page 223 and 224: REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
Page 225 and 226: cases, positive phloem samples were
Page 227 and 228: EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
Page 229 and 230: Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
Page 231 and 232: CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
Page 233 and 234: EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
Page 235 and 236: Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
Page 237 and 238: Based on the in silico analysis, de
Page 239 and 240: CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
Page 241 and 242: Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
Page 243 and 244: RESULTS During the reporting period
Page 245 and 246: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
Page 247 and 248: DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
Page 249 and 250: Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
Page 251 and 252: and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
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Table 1. Single-populations descrip
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MOLECULAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN POPUL
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These novel observations strongly s
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SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN TWO MITOCHON
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Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
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DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
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A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
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THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
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We have dissected and identified al
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REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
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REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
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Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
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the proposed exploratory work; thes
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SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
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REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
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some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
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7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Imm
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Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
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IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
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concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
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anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
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SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
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MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
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pfF mutants are taken up by insects
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Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
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Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
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patterns differed among the lines,
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Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
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mind, we conducted an additional st
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REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
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RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
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COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
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More tests are in progress to addre
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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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