Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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SEASONAL POPULATION DYNAMICS OF GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER EGG PARASITOIDS: VARIABILITY ACROSS SITES AND HOST PLANTS Project Leader: Joseph G. Morse Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Cooperators: David J. W. Morgan California Dept. of Food & Agriculture Mount Rubidoux Field Station Riverside, CA 92501 Jonathan M. Lytle Dept. of Entomology University of California Riverside, CA 92521 Reporting Period: The results reported here are from work conducted from July 12, 2004. ABSTRACT The California Department of Food & Agriculture (CDFA) has a number of sites in southern California where they are releasing egg parasitoids of Glassy-winged Sharpshooter. To date, species released include Gonatocerus ashmeadi, G. fasciatus, G. morrilli, and G. triguttatus. Two South American Gonatocerus species are scheduled for release in 2005 (pending host specificity studies and release permits) and a strain of Anagrus epos from Minnesota may also be included in future releases (also pending such work). CDFA monitors for parasitoid establishment and population dynamics at release sites. This project is intended to complement and expand the scope of this monitoring with an eye towards improving our understanding of the benefit of releasing alternative parasitoid species and how well they are surviving, dispersing, and impacting GWSS populations. INTRODUCTION One of CDFA’s parasitoid release sites in southern California is Field 7H on the UC Riverside campus. A two-year field study in and around this release site was conducted to examine the temporal and host plant distribution of Homalodisca oviposition and associated egg parasitism (Al-Wahaibi 2004). In the current project, we plan to expand on this study and monitoring done by CDFA to attempt to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of endemic and released parasitoids in and around release sites. Although control programs appear to be effective at reducing Glassy-winged Sharpshooter populations, biological control is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly means of contributing to vector reduction and may have to suffice in much of California where chemical control is either impractical (e.g., urban areas) or economically unfeasible. OBJECTIVES Monitor GWSS egg parasitoids in several areas in southern California in and around CDFA’s parasitoid release sites and across several host plants. RESULTS In the two-year study around CDFA’s release site on the UC Riverside campus by Al-Wahaibi (2004), parasitism was due to a total of eight parasitoid species with Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Ufens principalis (previously Ufens A, Al-Wahaibi et al. 2005), Ufens ceratus (previously Ufens B), and G. morrilli being the most abundant. Ufens spp. were dominant on jojoba while on other plants, Gonatocerus species tended to dominate. Across all ten host plants sampled, ranked percent parasitism was G. ashmeadi (27.4%), U. principalis (19.8%), U. ceratus (2.9%), G. morrilli (2.1%,), G. incomptus (0.4%), G. novifasciatus (0.3%), G. triguttatus (0.1%), and G. fasciatus (0.01%). Note, however, that these data may be biased by the proximity of nearby hosts harboring smoketree sharpshooter and high levels of Ufens spp. on jojoba. We are in the process of expanding our sampling program outside of the UC Riverside campus. CONCLUSIONS We are only 3 months into this project so it is too early to draw conclusions at present. REFERENCES Al-Wahaibi, A.K., 2004. Studies on Two Homalodisca Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Southern California: Biology of the Egg Stage, Host Plant and Temporal Effects on Oviposition and Associated Parasitism, and the Biology and Ecology of Two of their Egg Parasitoids, Ufens A and Ufens B (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Riverside. 435 pp. - 365 -
Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. Morse. 2005. Description and Behavioural Biology of Two Ufens Species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Egg Parasitoids of Homalodisca Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Southern California. Bull. Entomol. Res. (Submitted). FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided by the University of California Pierce’s Disease Grant Program. - 366 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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increase our present understanding
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BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
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Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
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EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
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REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
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PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
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Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
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Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
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A more interesting analysis using t
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MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
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POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
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No egg masses were recorded on olea
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EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
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Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
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EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
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Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
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REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
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CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
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Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
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P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
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Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
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Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
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Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
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III. Production of transgenic plant
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RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
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CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
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Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
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Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
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outer membrane fractions using two-
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1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
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DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
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Strain Name Host of Origin County o
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ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
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wild-type cells was not conclusive
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DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
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S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
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MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Americas and since most of the plan
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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
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CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
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RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
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Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
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In parallel, an “activating trans
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PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
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% of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
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DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
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Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
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PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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probing activities). In preliminary
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the slow release valve was opened a
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12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
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The almost complete absence of info
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QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
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Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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multiply to relatively high (easily
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SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
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Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
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Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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The state variables, process functi
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
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Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
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CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
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EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
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Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
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Based on the in silico analysis, de
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CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
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Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
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RESULTS During the reporting period
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
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DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
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Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
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and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
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100 100 0.056 North America 100 0.0
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Page 283 and 284: SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
Page 285 and 286: REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
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Page 295 and 296: concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
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Page 299 and 300: SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
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Page 309 and 310: patterns differed among the lines,
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Page 315 and 316: REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
Page 317 and 318: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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