Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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South Carolina whereas GWSS could not be found in the forested hills and mountains of northern Georgia, eastern North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee, where only a few adult O. orbona as well as its old egg masses (all with evidence of parasitization) were collected. Our survey also benefited greatly from the exploratory work by Roman Rakitov, who reared mymarid and trichogrammatid egg parasitoids of several species of the genus Cuerna (other than C. costalis). Particularly, the mymarid Anagrus epos Girault was reared by Roman Rakitov near Glyndon, Clay Coounty, Minnesota, from egg masses of a Cuerna sp. and sent to UCR quarantine facility under a permit. This is the first representative of the genus Anagrus ever reared from eggs of a proconiine sharpshooter. We were able to establish a quarantine colony of this species on eggs of GWSS, which is a fictitious host for A. epos (GWSS does not occur in Minnesota). Anagrus epos is a gregarious species: 3-5 adult wasps emerged from smaller eggs of the original host, Cuerna sp., whereas up to 10-12 adult wasps emerged from larger eggs of GWSS. Under quarantine laboratory conditions (temperature 24°C, RH ca. 50%), the first two generations of A. epos developed from egg to adult within 20-21 days; for unknown reasons, it took the next two generations much longer (more than 30 days) to develop under the same conditions. Currently, this species is under quarantine evaluation as a potential biocontrol agent against GWSS in California. Table 1. Species of egg parasitoids collected during 2004 and sent to University of California, Riverside quarantine. Genus and species of egg parasitoid Acmopolynema sema Schauff (Mymaridae) Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Mymaridae) Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault (Mymaridae) Zagella spirita (Girault) (Trichogrammatidae) Ufens new species (Trichogrammatidae) Paracentrobia acuminata (Ashmead) (Trichogrammatidae) Originally from: (State: locality) Original or probable sharpshooter host Propagated on GWSS at UCR quarantine (Yes/No) GA: nr. Centerville ?Homalodisca insolita No (Walker) GA: nr. Centerville H. coagulata / O. orbona No GA: Byron H. coagulata / O. orbona Yes NC: Garner H. coagulata No NC: North Myrtle Beach ? H. coagulata No NC: nr. Warsaw H. coagulata No SC: Charleston H. coagulata Yes SC: nr. Yemassee H. coagulata / O. orbona Yes GA: nr. Centerville H. coagulata / O. orbona No GA: Byron H. coagulata / O. orbona No NC: Garner H. coagulata No NC: nr. Greensboro ?O. orbona No NC: nr. Warsaw H. coagulata No GA: Byron H. coagulata / O. orbona No (failed) GA: Byron H. coagulata / O. orbona No (failed) GA: nr. Centerville ?H. insolita/ ?Cuerna costalis No Objective 2 As a result of the exploratory work conducted during the reported period, numerous specimens of proconiine sharpshooters and of their egg parasitoids were collected and preserved in ethanol with appropriate labels; many of these were critically point-dried from ethanol, point- or card-mounted, labeled, and identified to genera and species. Representatives of some species (of both sexes) were selected, dissected, and slide-mounted. The specimens were deposited in the collections of Entomology Research Museum, UC Riverside. CONCLUSIONS This is the next step in the development of a “classical” biological control program for the reduction of glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) densities in California as a cornerstone for an IPM program to manage GWSS. As the result of our surveys conducted during 1997-2004, several previously unknown proconiine sharpshooter host associations were discovered for various species of Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae. We concluded searching for egg parasitoids of GWSS in the Nearctic part of its distribution range. Next year, our exploratory efforts will focus on the southernmost part of the distribution range of GWSS in southern Mexico, which is in the Neotropical region. - 343 -
REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V. Triapitsyn. 2003. Searching for and collecting egg parasitoids of the Glassy-winged Sharpshooter in the central and eastern USA, pp. 261-262. In: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 8-11, 2003, Coronado Island Marriott Resort, Coronado, California. Organized by California Department of Food and Agriculture (compiled by M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe, R. Spencer, L. Houser, A. Ba & T. Esser), Copeland Printing, Sacramento, California, 323 p. Triapitsyn, S. V. 2003. Taxonomic notes on the genera and species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) - egg parasitoids of the proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Clypeorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in southeastern USA. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 129: 245-265. Triapitsyn, S. V., D. J. W. Morgan, M. S. Hoddle and V. V. Berezovskiy. 2003. Observations on the biology of Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) and <strong>On</strong>cometopia orbona (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Clypeorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 79 (1): 75-76. Vickerman, D. B., M. S. Hoddle, S. Triapitsyn, and R. Stouthamer. 2004. Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility. Biol. Cont. 31: 338-345. FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided by the CDFA Pierce’s Disease and Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Board. - 344 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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increase our present understanding
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BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
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Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
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EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
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REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
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PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
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Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
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Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
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A more interesting analysis using t
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MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
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POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
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No egg masses were recorded on olea
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EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
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Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
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EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
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Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
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REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
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CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
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Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
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P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
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Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
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Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
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Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
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III. Production of transgenic plant
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RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
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CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
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Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
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Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
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outer membrane fractions using two-
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1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
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DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
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Strain Name Host of Origin County o
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ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
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wild-type cells was not conclusive
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DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
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S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
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MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Americas and since most of the plan
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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
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CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
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RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
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Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
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In parallel, an “activating trans
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PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
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% of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
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DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
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Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
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PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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probing activities). In preliminary
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the slow release valve was opened a
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12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
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The almost complete absence of info
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QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
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Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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multiply to relatively high (easily
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SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
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Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
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Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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The state variables, process functi
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
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Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
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CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
Page 233 and 234: EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
Page 235 and 236: Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
Page 237 and 238: Based on the in silico analysis, de
Page 239 and 240: CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
Page 241 and 242: Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
Page 243 and 244: RESULTS During the reporting period
Page 245 and 246: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
Page 247 and 248: DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
Page 249 and 250: Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
Page 251 and 252: and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
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Page 255 and 256: GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG GEOGR
Page 257 and 258: Table 1. Single-populations descrip
Page 259 and 260: MOLECULAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN POPUL
Page 261 and 262: These novel observations strongly s
Page 263 and 264: SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN TWO MITOCHON
Page 265 and 266: Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
Page 267 and 268: DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
Page 269 and 270: A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
Page 271 and 272: THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
Page 273 and 274: We have dissected and identified al
Page 275 and 276: REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
Page 277 and 278: REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
Page 279 and 280: Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
Page 281 and 282: the proposed exploratory work; thes
Page 283: SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
Page 287 and 288: some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
Page 289 and 290: 7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Imm
Page 291 and 292: Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
Page 293 and 294: IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
Page 295 and 296: concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
Page 297 and 298: anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
Page 299 and 300: SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
Page 301 and 302: MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
Page 303 and 304: pfF mutants are taken up by insects
Page 305 and 306: Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
Page 307 and 308: Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
Page 309 and 310: patterns differed among the lines,
Page 311 and 312: Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
Page 313 and 314: mind, we conducted an additional st
Page 315 and 316: REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
Page 317 and 318: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
Page 319 and 320: COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
Page 321 and 322: More tests are in progress to addre
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