Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Epi Hypo Figure 2. Diagrammatic illustration exemplifying areas with X. fastidiosa attached after 1 day AAP and 1 day IAP in the precibarium of 12 Graphocephala atropunctata. Epipharynx (Epi) and hypopharynx (Hypo) are represented, the stylets would be below and the cibarium above each figure. Precibarial valve shown as a triangle; filled circles indicate regions colonized by the bacterium. Figures not drawn to scale, sections of cuticle not available for visualization were not included in diagrams. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Xf must be present in the precibarium, the narrow channel leading from the junction of the mouthparts (needle-like stylets) with the head to the entrance of the cibarium (sucking pump), for successful inoculation to occur. It is also consistent with reports that small numbers of Xf cells are adequate for efficient transmission. This suggests that the back-flow of ingested sap from sharpshooters does not have to be a large volume to enable vector transmission. REFERENCES Almeida, R.P.P., and Purcell, A.H. 2003. Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines by Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 264-271. Brlansky, R. H., Timmer, L. W., French, W. J., and McCoy, R. E. 1983. Colonization of the sharpshooter vectors, Oncometopia nigricans and Homalodisca coagulata, by xylem-limited bacteria. Phytopathology 73:530-535. Hill, B. L., and Purcell, A. H. 1995. Acquisition and retention of Xylella fastidiosa by an efficient vector, Graphocephala atropunctata. Phytopathology 85:209-212. Purcell, A. H. and Almeida, R. P. P. 2003. Pages 168-170 in 2003 Pierce’s disease Research Symposium. CDFA. Purcell, A. H., Finlay, A. H., and McLean, D. L. 1979. Pierce's disease bacterium: Mechanism of transmission by leafhopper vectors. Science 206:839-841. Purcell, A. H., and Finlay, A. H. 1979. Evidence for noncirculative transmission of Pierce's disease bacterium by sharpshooter leafhoppers. Phytopathology 69:393-395. - 229 -
Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes, J. R. S., Blua, M. J., Mizell, R. F., and Andersen, P. C. 2004. The biology of xylem fluid-feeding insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa and their relation to disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Entomology 49:243-270. Severin, H. H. P. 1949. Transmission of the virus of Pierce's disease of grapevines by leafhoppers. Hilgardia 19:190-206. FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided by the CDFA Pierce’s Disease and Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Board. - 230 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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increase our present understanding
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BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
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Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
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EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
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REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
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PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
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Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
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Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
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A more interesting analysis using t
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MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
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POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
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No egg masses were recorded on olea
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EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
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Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
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EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
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Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
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REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
Page 119 and 120: CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
Page 121 and 122: Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
Page 123 and 124: P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
Page 125 and 126: Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
Page 127 and 128: Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
Page 129 and 130: Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
Page 131 and 132: III. Production of transgenic plant
Page 133 and 134: RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
Page 135 and 136: CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
Page 137 and 138: Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
Page 139 and 140: ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
Page 141 and 142: Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
Page 143 and 144: outer membrane fractions using two-
Page 145 and 146: 1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
Page 147 and 148: DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
Page 149 and 150: Strain Name Host of Origin County o
Page 151 and 152: ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
Page 153 and 154: wild-type cells was not conclusive
Page 155 and 156: DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
Page 157 and 158: S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
Page 159 and 160: MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
Page 161 and 162: GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
Page 163 and 164: Americas and since most of the plan
Page 165 and 166: EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
Page 167 and 168: CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
Page 169: RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
Page 173 and 174: In parallel, an “activating trans
Page 175 and 176: PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
Page 177 and 178: % of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
Page 179 and 180: DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Page 181 and 182: Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
Page 183 and 184: PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
Page 185 and 186: GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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Page 189 and 190: probing activities). In preliminary
Page 191 and 192: the slow release valve was opened a
Page 193 and 194: 12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
Page 195 and 196: The almost complete absence of info
Page 197 and 198: QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
Page 199 and 200: Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
Page 201 and 202: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
Page 203 and 204: multiply to relatively high (easily
Page 205 and 206: SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
Page 207 and 208: Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
Page 211 and 212: The state variables, process functi
Page 213 and 214: DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
Page 215 and 216: Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
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CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
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EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
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Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
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Based on the in silico analysis, de
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CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
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Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
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RESULTS During the reporting period
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
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DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
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Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
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and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
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100 100 0.056 North America 100 0.0
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GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG GEOGR
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Table 1. Single-populations descrip
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MOLECULAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN POPUL
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These novel observations strongly s
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SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN TWO MITOCHON
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Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
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DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
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A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
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THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
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We have dissected and identified al
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REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
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REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
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Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
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the proposed exploratory work; thes
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SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
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REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
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some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
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7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Imm
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Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
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IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
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concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
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anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
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SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
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MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
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pfF mutants are taken up by insects
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Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
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Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
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patterns differed among the lines,
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Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
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mind, we conducted an additional st
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REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
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RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
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COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
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More tests are in progress to addre
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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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