Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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4. mature cecropin A with no signal peptide sequence The authenticity of the PCR-amplified sequences was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing in both directions and the constructs are currently being used to generate transgenic A. thaliana by standard procedures. Table 1. Effect of cecropins and kanamycin against the growth of X. fastidiosa Concentration (µM) Increase in bacterial concentration in comparison to cultures lacking antibiotic Week 1 (% ± s.d.) Week 2 (% ± s.d.) Week 3 (% ± s.d.) cecropin A 0.5 69 ± 3 47 ± 47 64 ± 42 0.25 72 ± 10 80 ± 21 117 ± 5 0.1 103 ± 13 68 ± 2 87 ± 25 0.05 110 ± 46 50 ± 1 91 ± 22 cecropin B 0.5 69 ± nd 114 ± 6 87 ± 45 0.25 63 ± 31 75 ± nd 110 ± 15 0.1 72 ± 101 128 ± 63 90 ± nd 0.05 93 ± 17 101 ± 18 74 ± 10 cecropin P1 0.5 98 ± 18 70 ± 40 70 ± 62 0.25 82 ± 18 98 ± nd 120 ± 17 0.1 111 ± 52 93 ± 24 72 ± 24 0.05 93 ± 10 99 ± 22 73 ± 18 kanamycin 2 11 ± 3 9 ± 8 16 ± 2 1 19 ± 8 32 ±39 33 ± 22 0.5 42 ±16 77 ± 9 103 ± 16 0.25 60 ± 13 72 ± 17 105 ± 12 nd = not determined Table 2. Effect of recombinant cecropin A on the growth of E. coli Source of recombinant cecropin A Inoculum dose Inhibition (bacteria/mL) (%) Sf21 cell pellet (1 x 10 5 cells) 1.1 x 10 3 3.1 ± 13.2 Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 1.1 x 10 3 99.7 ± 0.1 Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 1.0 x 10 4 57.9 ± 1.6 Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 8.5 x 10 4 51.6 ± 0.2 Sf21 cell supernatant (undiluted) 7.3 x 10 5 13.1 ± 0.1 Sf21 cell supernatant (1:5 diluted) 7.0 x 10 5 11.1 ± 0.2 Sf21 cell supernatant (1:10 diluted) 7.0 x 10 5 2.5 ± 0.1 REFERENCES 1. Darjean, D.H., E.L. Civerolo, and B.C. Kirkpatrick, In vitro growth inhibition of Xylella fastidiosa by selected metallic plant micronutrients and antibiotics. Phytopathology, 2000. 90(6 Supplement): p. S17-S18. 2. Lacava, P.T., et al., RAPD profile and antibiotic susceptibility of Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2001. 33(4): p. 302-306. 3. Hancock, R.E.W. and G. Diamond, The role of cationic antimicrobial peptides in innate host defences. Trends in Microbiology, 2000. 8(9): p. 402-410. 4. Tossi, A., L. Sandri, and A. Giangaspero, Amphipathic, alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides. Biopolymers, 2000. 55(1): p. 4-30. 5. Hancock, R.E.W. and D.S. Chapple, Peptide antibiotics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999. 43(6): p. 1317- 1323. 6. Mor, A., Peptide-based antibiotics: A potential answer to raging antimicrobial resistance. Drug Development Research, 2000. 50(3-4): p. 440-447. - 347 -
7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Immunity: Purification and properties of three inducible bacterial proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia. European Journal of Biochemistry, 1980. 106: p. 7-16. 8. Steiner, H., et al., Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity. Nature (London), 1981. 292(16): p. 246-248. 9. Boman, H.G., Cecropins: antibacterial peptides from insects and pigs, in Phylogenetic Perspectives in Immunity, C. Janeway, Editor. 1994, Lanes Biomed.: Austin. 10. McDonald, C., Cecropins: A Class of Lytic Peptides. 1997, Pacific West Cancer Fund: Seattle. p. 1-24. 11. Hancock, R.E.W. and R. Lehrer, Cationic peptides: A new source of antibiotics. Trends in Biotechnology, 1998. 16(2): p. 82-88. 12. Hendson, M., et al., Genetic diversity of Pierce's disease strains and other pathotypes of Xylella fastidiosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2001. 67(2): p. 895-903. 13. Boman, H.G., Peptide antibiotics and their role in innate immunity. 1995. p. 61-92. 14. Campanharo, J.C., M.V.F. Lemos, and E.G.D. Lemos, Growth optimization procedures for the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Current Microbiology, 2003. 46(2): p. 99-102. FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided by the University of California Pierce’s Disease Grant Program. - 348 -
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IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
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0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
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OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
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esistant and susceptible genotypes
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MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
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esistant genotypes are in process a
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BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
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Progeny from crosses of field resis
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a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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v.8) for differences due to the pla
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SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
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correlated with all other findings
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EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
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REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
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will also provide insights into the
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OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
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GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
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ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
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Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
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Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R
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pathogen, when they move into viney
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A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
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1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
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Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
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RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
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Host specificity testing: No-choice
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currently employed morphological ch
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increase our present understanding
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BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
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Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
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EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
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REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
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PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
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Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
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Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
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A more interesting analysis using t
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MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
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POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
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No egg masses were recorded on olea
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EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
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Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
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EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
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Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
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A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
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REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
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CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
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Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
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P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
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Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
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Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
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Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
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III. Production of transgenic plant
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RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
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CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
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Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
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Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
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outer membrane fractions using two-
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1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
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DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
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Strain Name Host of Origin County o
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ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
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wild-type cells was not conclusive
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DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
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S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
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MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Americas and since most of the plan
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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
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CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
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RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
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Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
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In parallel, an “activating trans
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PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
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% of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
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DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
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Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
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PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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probing activities). In preliminary
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the slow release valve was opened a
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12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
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The almost complete absence of info
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QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
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Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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multiply to relatively high (easily
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SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
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Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
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Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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The state variables, process functi
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
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Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
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CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
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EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
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Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
Page 237 and 238: Based on the in silico analysis, de
Page 239 and 240: CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
Page 241 and 242: Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
Page 243 and 244: RESULTS During the reporting period
Page 245 and 246: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
Page 247 and 248: DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
Page 249 and 250: Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
Page 251 and 252: and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
Page 253 and 254: 100 100 0.056 North America 100 0.0
Page 255 and 256: GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG GEOGR
Page 257 and 258: Table 1. Single-populations descrip
Page 259 and 260: MOLECULAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN POPUL
Page 261 and 262: These novel observations strongly s
Page 263 and 264: SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN TWO MITOCHON
Page 265 and 266: Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
Page 267 and 268: DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
Page 269 and 270: A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
Page 271 and 272: THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
Page 273 and 274: We have dissected and identified al
Page 275 and 276: REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
Page 277 and 278: REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
Page 279 and 280: Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
Page 281 and 282: the proposed exploratory work; thes
Page 283 and 284: SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
Page 285 and 286: REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
Page 287: some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
Page 291 and 292: Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
Page 293 and 294: IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
Page 295 and 296: concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
Page 297 and 298: anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
Page 299 and 300: SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
Page 301 and 302: MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
Page 303 and 304: pfF mutants are taken up by insects
Page 305 and 306: Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
Page 307 and 308: Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
Page 309 and 310: patterns differed among the lines,
Page 311 and 312: Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
Page 313 and 314: mind, we conducted an additional st
Page 315 and 316: REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
Page 317 and 318: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
Page 319 and 320: COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
Page 321 and 322: More tests are in progress to addre
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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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