Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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Figures 1, 2. Confocal scanning light micrographs. Figure 1. Several vessel elements damaged by a single GWSS stylet probe. Figure 2. Salivary sheath material occluding a fragmented vessel element Figures 3, 4. Transmission electron micrographs showing fragmented vessel element walls (arrows) and salivary sheath occlusions (s). In our greenhouse and laboratory studies, host plants fed on by sharpshooters for several days to weeks begin to show symptoms similar to those of plants infected with the bacterium X. fastidiosa. These symptoms occur in our host plants even though the sharpshooters we are studying are free of Xylella. Previous reports indicated that the symptoms of Pierce’s disease may occur very shortly after inoculation with X. fastidiosa, long before there is a significant increase in the population of the bacteria to a level believed necessary to produce symptoms (Labavitch et al. 2002). Many plant species infected by strains of X. fastidiosa show no symptoms of Pierce’s disease (Purcell and Saunders 1999). Our research is ongoing to determine the correlation of mechanical damage and occlusion of vessel elements to the onset of symptoms in non-infected host plants REFERENCES Backus, E. A., F. Yan, J. Habibi, W. Bennett, M. Blua, A. Purcell, and E. Civerolo. 2003. Sharpshooter feeding behavior in relation to transmission of the Pierce’s disease bacterium. Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium. Dec. 8-11. Coronado, CA. Brodbeck, B.V., R.F. Mizell III, and P.C. Andersen. 1993. Physiological and behavioral adaptations of three species of leafhoppers in response to dilute nutrient content of xylem fluid. J. Insect Physiol. 39:73-81. Brodbeck, B.V., P.C. Andersen, and R.F. Mizell III. 1995. Differential utilization of nutrients during development by the xylophagus leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata. Entomol. Expt. et Applicata 75:279-289. Brodbeck, B.V., R.F. Mizell III, and P.C. Andersen. 1996. Utilization of primary nutrients by the polyphagus xylophage, Homalodisca coagulata, reared on single host species. Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol. 32:65-83. Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, J. S. Buckner, and D. R. Nelson. 2002. Ultrastructural contributions to the study of the glassy-winged sharpshooter and Pierce’s disease. Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, Dec. 15-18. Coronado, CA, pp 116-118. - 101 -
Freeman, T. P., R. A. Leopold, D. R. Nelson, and J. S. Buckner. 2003. Ultrastructural contributions to the study of the glassy-winged sharpshooter and Pierce’s disease. Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, Dec. 8-11. Coronado, CA, pp 215-216. Leopold, R. A., T. P. Freeman, J. S. Buckner, and D. R. Nelson. 2003. Mouthpart morphology and stylet penetration of host plants by the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata, (Homoptera; Cicadellidae). Arthropod Struct. & Develop. 32:189-199. Labavitch, J. M., M. A. Matthews, L. C. Greve. 2002. The development of Pierce’s disease in xylem: The role of vessel cavitation, cell wall metabolism, and vessel occlusion. Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, Dec. 15-18. Coronado, CA Purcell, A.H., and S. R. Saunders. 1999. Fate of Pierce’s disease strains of Xylella fastidiosa in common riparian plants in California. Plant-dis. 83:825-830. Purcell, A.H., S.R. Saunders, M. Henderson, M.E. Grebus, and M.J. Henry. 1999. Causal role of Xylella fastidiosa in oleander leaf scorch disease. Phytopath. 89:53-58. FUNDING AGENCIES Funding for this project was provided by the University of California Pierce’s Disease Grant Program. - 102 -
Page 1 and 2: IMPACT OF HOST PLANT XYLEM FLUID ON
Page 3 and 4: 0.18 600 Optical density 0.16 0.14
Page 5 and 6: OPTIMIZING MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTIO
Page 7 and 8: esistant and susceptible genotypes
Page 9 and 10: MAP BASED IDENTIFICATION AND POSITI
Page 11 and 12: esistant genotypes are in process a
Page 13 and 14: BREEDING PIERCE’S DISEASE RESISTA
Page 15 and 16: Progeny from crosses of field resis
Page 17 and 18: a = (1=low, 4= high); b = (1=green,
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Page 23 and 24: v.8) for differences due to the pla
Page 25 and 26: SHARPSHOOTER FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RE
Page 27 and 28: correlated with all other findings
Page 29 and 30: EFFECTS OF FEEDING SUBSTRATE ON RET
Page 31 and 32: REFERENCES Bextine, B. and T. Mille
Page 33 and 34: will also provide insights into the
Page 35 and 36: OBJECTIVES 1. Determine glassy-wing
Page 37 and 38: GWSS per 30 s sweep (seasonal avera
Page 39 and 40: ELISA for the presence of GWSS egg
Page 41: Project Leader: Thomas P. Freeman E
Page 45 and 46: pathogen, when they move into viney
Page 47 and 48: A NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR
Page 49 and 50: 1.6 GWSS Adults That Fed on Protein
Page 51 and 52: Hagler, J.R. & S.E. Naranjo. 2004.
Page 53 and 54: RESULTS: Oviposition Survey Wild gr
Page 55 and 56: Host specificity testing: No-choice
Page 57 and 58: currently employed morphological ch
Page 59 and 60: increase our present understanding
Page 61 and 62: BIOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS O
Page 63 and 64: Table 1. Mean a developmental durat
Page 65 and 66: EFFECTS OF USING CONSTANT AND CYCLI
Page 67 and 68: REFERENCES Gautam, R. D. 1986. Effe
Page 69 and 70: PARASITISM OF THE GLASSY-WINGED SHA
Page 71 and 72: Table 1. Parasitism by G.ashmeadi o
Page 73 and 74: Project Leader: Robert F. Luck Dept
Page 75 and 76: A more interesting analysis using t
Page 77 and 78: MYCOPATHOGENS AND THEIR EXOTOXINS I
Page 79 and 80: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND INTERACTION
Page 81 and 82: No egg masses were recorded on olea
Page 83 and 84: EXPLORATION FOR FACULTATIVE ENDOSYM
Page 85 and 86: Although Baumannia and Wolbachia we
Page 87 and 88: EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL DOSES OF IMIDA
Page 89 and 90: Table 2. Mortality and flight perfo
Page 91 and 92: A NOVEL METHOD TO INDUCE OVIPOSITIO
Page 93 and 94:
REFERENCES Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. A
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Cohorts H. coagulata neonates were
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J. and D. J. W.
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Figure 2 shows the average numbers
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REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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REFERENCES Blua, M. J., Phillips, P
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RESULTS Some plant families had no
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Table 5. Winter, spring and summer
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16S rDNA is by far the most sequenc
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DNA MICROARRAY AND MUTATIONAL ANALY
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Inhibition of biofilm is BSA concen
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CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF END
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Borneman, J., M. Chrobak, G. Della
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P (CFU P OBJECTIVE 1. Determine the
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Purcell, AH and SR Saunders. 1999a.
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Figure 1: Southern blot of tolC::ap
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Project Leader: David Gilchrist Dep
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III. Production of transgenic plant
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RESULTS Construction of cDNA Librar
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CONCLUSIONS Genetic resistance and
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Mutagenesis of Xylella The EZ::TN T
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES SPECIFI
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Project Leader: Michele M. Igo Sect
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outer membrane fractions using two-
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1995; Purcell and Saunders, 1999).
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DEVELOPMENT OF SSR MARKERS FOR GENO
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Strain Name Host of Origin County o
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ROLE OF ATTACHMENT OF XYLELLA FASTI
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wild-type cells was not conclusive
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DETERMINATION OF GENES CONFERRING H
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S1 S2 S3 S4 Nb123456789bb123456789b
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MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING TO IDENT
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GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF RAPID
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Americas and since most of the plan
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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MILIEU ON ATTAC
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CONCLUSIONS Our overall objective i
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RESULTS Objective 1. We conducted t
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Redak, R. A., Purcell, A. H., Lopes
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In parallel, an “activating trans
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PATTERNS OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA INFE
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% of vessels 100 80 60 40 20 Mugwor
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DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
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Magnolia002 showed more identity (9
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PLASMID ADDICTION AS A NOVEL APPROA
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GENETIC VARIABILITY OF XYLELLA FAST
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probing activities). In preliminary
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the slow release valve was opened a
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12. Hopkins DL (1977) Diseases caus
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The almost complete absence of info
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QUANTIFYING LANDSCAPE-SCALE MOVEMEN
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Table 1. The mean (±SD) ELISA read
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PIER
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multiply to relatively high (easily
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SPATIAL DATABASE CREATION AND MAINT
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Project Leader: Thomas M. Perring D
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Figure 2. Individual leaves from a
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The state variables, process functi
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DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD SAMPLING PLA
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Figure 1. Three main dispersion pat
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OBJECTIVES 1. Track the movement of
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REFERENCES 1. Beard, C.B., Cordon-R
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cases, positive phloem samples were
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EXPLOITING XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA PROTE
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Figure 2. Polymer disk accumulation
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CHARACTERIZATION OF NEONICOTINOIDS
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EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE POTENTIAL
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Project Leader: Doug Cook Dept. of
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Based on the in silico analysis, de
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CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DISEASE THROU
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Figure 1. Oleander ‘White’ afte
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RESULTS During the reporting period
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL DIET A
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DESIGN OF CHIMERIC ANTI-MICROBIAL P
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Neutrophil elastase Cecropin B Chim
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and WTXb is very low (0.00-0.40%) a
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100 100 0.056 North America 100 0.0
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GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG GEOGR
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Table 1. Single-populations descrip
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MOLECULAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN POPUL
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These novel observations strongly s
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SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE IN TWO MITOCHON
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Table 3. Pairwise sequence distance
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DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC
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A. B. Relative Density of SCAR Band
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THE ALIMENTARY TRACK OF GLASSY-WING
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We have dissected and identified al
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REALIZED LIFETIME PARASITISM AND TH
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REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOL
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Mean adult longevity (days) 25 20 1
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the proposed exploratory work; thes
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SEARCHING FOR AND COLLECTING EGG PA
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REFERENCES Hoddle, M. S. and S. V.
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some Gram(+) bacteria, but are inac
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7. Hultmark, D., et al., Insect Imm
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Isolation of Fungal Pathogens Soil
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IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISMS MEDIAT
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concentrations of 1.5 x 10 7 bacter
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anchor it in the outer membrane (sh
Page 299 and 300:
SYMBIOTIC CONTROL OF PIERCE’S DIS
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MANAGEMENT OF PIERCE’S DISEASE OF
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pfF mutants are taken up by insects
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Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P
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Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Owen, and J. G. M
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patterns differed among the lines,
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Punja, Z.K. 2001. Genetic engineeri
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mind, we conducted an additional st
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REFERENCES Toscano, N., Byrne, F.,
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RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The program
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COMPATIBILITY OF INSECTICIDES WITH
Page 321 and 322:
More tests are in progress to addre
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Impact Of Host Plant Xylem Fluid On Xylella Fastidiosa Multiplication ...

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