Medium resolution

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Characterizing the 3. village land use system The following steps are used: First, all village land use types are listed, including those types the village had in the past, have nowadays and may have in the future (e.g. trends in neighbouring villages or suggestions by extension agents). These land uses can be summarized as shown in the table below. Table 2: Types of land uses. Cropping system Paddy field Permanent crop Rotational crop Plantation Livestock system Forest Other Grassland ( livestock area) Improved grassland - pasture Conservation forest Protection forest Production forest Sacred forest (cemetery) Shrub Reserve land Village area Water bodies Then parameters are defined for one hectare of each land use type, including two environmental indexes: biodiversity and carbon. The parameters below are calculated with VLMC members for one hectare of each land use type, as indicated in the following equations. 3.1 Return-to-land From agriculture = crops (Gross income-input costs) × % of land use type under each crop One hectare of land may be under different rotational crops, for example, 50% of the area may be under upland rice, 25% under maize and 25% under Job’s tears. The income values of the respective percentages of each of these three crops in one hectare of the land use type are added together.. Then, the resulting value is divided by the total number of years of the rotation (cropping years + fallow duration). For a permanent crop the agricultural return-to-land is calculated on an annual basis as the plot is cropped every year. For plantations, the total income over the whole period of the plantation (including the unproductive phase) is divided by the total number of years in order to calculate the annual return-toland per hectare of plantation. From NTFP collection = NTFPs (Income) × % of income from each NTFP in the land use type Several NTFPs can be collected from the same land use type (i.e. production forest) at different times of the year. The vol- ume of each NTFP collected on average from each land use type and the price for which they can be sold are assessed collectively during focus group discussion. Then the group calculates the NTFP return-to-land of each land use type by compiling values of all NTFPs (e.g. peuak meuak, khem) that can be collected in that land use type. Wildlife hunting can be added but villagers were often reluctant to include this income as a return-to-land. From Livestock Animal type Net profit per ha For each land use type the participants estimate a livestock ‘carrying capacity’ calculated as the number of large ruminants that each land use type can support sustainably. For example, in Houay Thong village the carrying capacity of one hectare of natural grassland was set at one animal (cattle or buffalo) by VLMC members while improved pasture systems (with cultivated grass) increased the carrying capacity up to three head of livestock. The income generated by livestock for each hectare depends on the age and price at which the animals are sold. For example, if one buffalo fed on one hectare of natural grassland is sold after three years for four million kip, the livestock returnto-land of that hectare of grassland is four million kip divided by three years. All potential returns-to-land from livestock are calculated at the carrying capacity value for the land use types to which livestock have access (i.e. during the planning process VLMC members may decide that they prevent livestock access to some land use types such as those under permanent crops or conservation forest).
Characterizing the 3. village land use system FOR MORE INFORMATION PLUP Toolbox 2: Socio-economic data and PLUP parameters IN A NUTSHELL Socio-economic data for land use planning are collected from the village household census, focus group discussions (as described in Section 2) and also from the PLUP Fiction role play. The average income values and labour force requirements for each land use type are elicited from the VLMC members. These data are first cross-checked with the household level data compiled for the whole village, and then the VLMC members agree together on the parameters that will be used all through the land use planning process. VLMC members fully understand that all the parameters come from them and that they participate in the entire calculation process. This elicitation process makes sure there is no ‘black box effect’, especially during the calculation of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of land use plan scenarios tested on the virtual village landscape. Local people have therefore full ownership of the whole process. 3.2 Labour force requirement The labour force requirement is that required for all activities in the land use type over one year, i.e. the number of labour force units required per hectare for agriculture, NTFP collection and livestock. One labour unit corresponds to the labour of one adult person. = Number of labour units × % of land use type under each crop crops 3.3 Environmental indexes In addition to the socio-economic parameters, the two environmental indexes of biodiversity and carbon are discussed and included. The ideas of carbon and biodiversity are introduced to the villagers. For each land use, a coefficient ranging from 1 to 4 is proposed based on forest inventories conducted in Viengkham District. First, the facilitators give VLMC members some examples of carbon and biodiversity values attributed to a few of the different land use types. Then, VLMC members are asked to guess the values for the other land uses. This helps to verify that the concepts are well understood. Villagers can easily rank the different land use types depending on their perceptions of the environmental values and so become aware of the potential impact of their decisions on the environment. Table 3: Standard values of biodiversity and carbon index values for each land use. Topics Biodiversity index standard value Conservation forest 4 4 Protection forest 4 4 Production forest 3 3 Shrub 2 2 Village area 2 1 Plantation 1 2 Improved grass land 1 1 Permanent crop 1 1 Rotational Crop 1 1 Livestock area 1 1 Paddy area 1 1 Carbon index standard value Finally, all the values per hectare are summarized in a table on a piece of A0 paper that is displayed in the room as a common reference for all participants. Some of the village level information derived from household surveys and focus group discussions (see Section 2) are also displayed on the board such as: • Prices of one kg of rice, of an adult cow and buffalo, etc. • Average composition of the families, labour force available in the village, population growth All parameters are compiled in an Excel spreadsheet . HANDBOO K - Characterizing the village land use system Participatory Land Use Planning (PLUP) HANDBOOK 9
Page 1 and 2: HANDBOOK PARTICIPATORY LAND USE PLA
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD At the end of 2009, a manu
Page 5 and 6: Participatory Land Use Planning HAN
Page 7 and 8: MORNING Team Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day
Page 9: Land zoning and management plan to
Page 14 and 15: Engaging local communities 4. in PL
Page 16 and 17: Engaging local communities 4. in PL
Page 18 and 19: Three dimensional (3D) 5. model con
Page 20 and 21: Three dimensional (3D) 5. model con
Page 22 and 23: 7. Land zoning 7.1 The art of land
Page 24 and 25: 7. Land zoning During the zoning pr
Page 26 and 27: 8. Village action plan 8.1 What is
Page 28 and 29: Preparation of 9. the PLUP agreemen
Page 30 and 31: Preparation of 9. the PLUP agreemen
Page 32 and 33: Data compilation, 11. synthesis and
Page 38 and 39: Proposal for communal 12 . land reg
Page 40 and 41: 13. PLUP Monitoring Monitoring is a
Page 42 and 43: Conclusion In this Handbook as in t
Page 44 and 45: Participatory Land Use Planning (PL
Page 46 and 47: Per diem for district 2. staff and
Page 48 and 49: Participatory Land Use Planning TOO
Page 50 and 51: 2. To complete the “description o
Page 52 and 53: 2. To complete the “description o
Page 54 and 55: 3. ‘PLUP Fiction’ role play ‘
Page 56 and 57: FOR MORE INFORMATION Castella J.C.
Page 58 and 59: Participatory Land Use Planning TOO
Page 60 and 61: Drawing the contour lines 2. on the
Page 62 and 63:
5. Scenario analyses with Excel spr
Page 65 and 66:
Important point The calculated numb
Page 67 and 68:
1. Getting started Organizing spati
Page 69 and 70:
2. Creating the master map Visualiz
Page 71 and 72:
Example In the picture below, the l
Page 73 and 74:
Important point The photo need to b
Page 75 and 76:
4. Create the polygon of the villag
Page 77 and 78:
Creating zones 5. for land use plan
Page 79 and 80:
Tip Sometimes, unwanted artefacts a
Page 81:
Important point $area gives a resul
Page 84 and 85:
THE LAND 6. USE MAPS Map layers pre
Page 86 and 87:
THE LAND 6. USE MAPS Export the ima
Page 88 and 89:
7. QGIS for P3DM How to extract con
Page 90 and 91:
7. Synthesising PLUP knowledge in a
Page 92 and 93:
1. Entering data 1.3 Importing data
Page 94 and 95:
2. Producing a monograph 6. Add the
Page 96 and 97:
2. Producing a monograph 8. Add a p
show all

Medium resolution

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?