Fructose

The Immune System- First of Two Parts
Peter J. Delves, Ph.D., and Ivan M. Roitt, D.Sc.
The immune system is an organization of cells and molecules with specialized roles in defending
against infection. There are two fundamentally different types of responses to invading microbes.
Innate (natural) responses occur to the same extent however many times the infectious agent is
encountered, whereas acquired (adaptive) responses improve on repeated exposure to a given
infection. The innate responses use phagocytic cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages),
cells that release inflammatory mediators (basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils), and natural
killer cells. The molecular components of innate responses include complement, acute-phase
proteins, and cytokines such as the interferons. Acquired responses involve the . . .
• Three Levels of Defense
• Immune Recognition
• Innate Immune Responses
• Cellular Components of Innate Responses
• Soluble Factors in Innate Defense
• The Acute Inflammatory Response
• Acquired Immune Responses
• The Structure of Antigen-Specific Molecules
• The B-Cell Receptor and Soluble Antibodies
• The T-Cell Receptor
• The Diversity of Antigen Receptors
• Clonal Selection
• Major Populations of B Cells
• T Cells and the Thymus
• Tolerance Mechanisms
Source Information
From the Department of Immunology, the Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University
College London, London.
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