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132 United States Department of State (2009). ‘Trafficking in Person Report’. Washington, DC.: United States Department of State. United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (2005). Transnational Organized Crime in the West African Region. New York: United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime. Warner, Jason (2011). Understanding Cyber-Crime in Ghana: A View from Below, International Journal of Cyber Criminology (IJCC), 5 (1): 736–749 World Bank (2007). ‘Ghana Meeting the Challenge of Accelerated and Shared Growth, Country Economic Memorandum’. Washington, DC.: World Bank Group. World Bank (2007). Ghana Meeting the Challenge of Accelerated and Shared Growth, Country Economic Memorandum, Report No. 40934-GH Unpublished Papers Aning, Emmanuel. K. ‘Security and Crime Management in the wake of the Discovery and Exploration of Oil & Gas in Ghana’. Paper Delivered at International Conference on ‘Oil Curse Avoidance in Ghana’ at Capital View Hotel, Koforidua, 24 – 27 November 2011 Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel. ‘Confronting the Legacy of Human Rights Abuses in Africa: Lessons from Ghana’, Paper Presented at Conference on Transitional Justice in Africa: Future Directions, Organized by the International Centre for Transitional Justice (Bellagio, March 25-29 2004). Olateru-Olagbegi, Bisi., Brief Overview of the Situational Analysis of Human Trafficking in West Africa’, Paper Presented at 7th African Regional Conference on Women, A Decade Review of the Implementation of the Dakar and Beijing Platforms for Action, Addis Ababa, 6-10 October, 2004. News Articles Abugri, S. ‘Ghana: Internet Criminals Cashing in on E-waste, New African, January 24, 2011 Appel, Michael, ‘South Africa: Internet, Cyber Crime to Take Centre Stage at Conference’, allAfrica.com, June 17, 2008. Booth, Robert (2010). ‘WikiLeaks Cables: Ghanaian Police Helped Drug Smugglers Evade Security’, The Guardian, December 14, 2010. Fleshman, Michael (2006). ‘Africa Fights the “people trade”: Scourge of human trafficking ensnares hundreds of thousands’, Africa Renewal, October 2006. Savage, Charles and Shanker, Thomas (2012). ‘U.S. Drug War Expands to Africa, Newer Hub for Cartels’, New York Times, July 21, 2012. ‘Another NPP Big Fish in Drug Deal’, GhanaWeb, March 9, 2003 ‘Brong Ahafo Citizens Stunned’, modernghana.com, November 23, 2005 ‘Cost of Water Treatment Inches up 92 per cent in 2012 – Minister’, GhanaWeb, March 10, 2012. ‘Curfew to be Lifted in Tamale, Yendi, GhanaWeb, February 18, 2004. ‘Digital Dump’, The Daily Beast, 25 July 2011. ‘Drug Money ‘Tainting Ghana Poll’, BBC News, October 28, 2008. ‘European E-waste Dumped in Ghana’, DanWatch, November 23, 2011. ‘Ex-cocaine Convict is neither NPP Financier no Member –Sir John’, myjoyonline.com, September 29, 2011. ‘Ghana-China move to stem influx of illegal Chinese miners’,http://graphic.com.gh/General-News/ghanachina-move-to-stem-influx-of-illegal-chinese-miners. html, April 13 2013 ‘Ghanaian House Leader Says RTI Bill Be Approved’, freedominfo.org, May 18, 2012 NYU CIC Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries
‘High Toxic Levels Found at School, Market Neighbouring Informal E-waste Salvage Site in Africa’, United Nations University, October 30, 2011. ‘NACOB Boss Refuses to Name Politicians on Narcotic Money List’, myjoyonline.com, September 14, 2011. ‘IEA Warns Against Using ‘Macho Men During Ghana’s Elections 2012’, spyghana.com, March 15, 2012. ‘Kofi Boakye Promoted to DCOP’, Myjoyonline.com, January 16, 2012 ‘Kofi Boakye Heads Police Depot’, Ghana Daily News, 9 October 2009. ‘Kusasis in the Diaspora Respond to NPP, GhanaWeb May 11, 2010. ‘Mills Probes Kofi Boakye’, Peacefmonline.com, October 10, 2009 ‘Ministry Fights Cyber Fraud’, modernghana.com, January 25, 2012. ‘MTN Launches MTN Mobile Money’, MTN Webpage ‘Senior Police Officer in Custody’, Myjoyonline.com, January 5, 2012 ‘Spio: NDC Will use Cocaine Propaganda’, The Statesman, September 10, 2006. ‘Tagor, Abass Jailed 15 Years Each’, Myjoyonline.com, September 14, 2011, ‘Three Chinese Jailed for human trafficking’, Ghana News Agency, June 23, 2009 ‘UNODC Training Leads to Drug Seizure at Ghanaian Port’, UNODC, May 22, 2009 ‘Yendi Sits on Time Bomb, GhanaWeb, April 23, 2012. Internet Sources Electoral Commission of Ghana, 2008 Presidential Results Summary. Available at http://www.ec.gov.gh/page. php?page=395&section=51&typ=1 Electoral Commission of Ghana, 2008 Presidential Results Summary. Available at http://www.ec.gov.gh/page.php?p age=395&section=51&typ=1&subs=400 133 ‘NDC Hits Back at Akufo-Addo’s 2012 Mantse Agbona Rally Effusions’, peacefmonline.com, February 22, 2012. ‘Nkoranza Honours Amoateng’, myjoyonline.com, September 14, 2011. ‘NPP Vows to use Recent Cocaine Saga for Propaganda but NDC says ‘bring it on’’, myjoyonline.com, December 19, 2011. ‘Police Council to Consider Kofi Boakye’s Reinstatement’, Ghana Pundit, July 28, 2009 ‘President Obama praises conviction of human traffickers in Ghana’, UNODC, Undated ‘Right Information Bill to Pass in December – Majority Leader’, Government of Ghana Official Portal, May 17, 2012. Financial Action Task Force, Public Statement of February 16, 2012. Available at http://www.fatf-gafi.org/topics/ high-riskandnon-cooperativejurisdictions/documents/ fatfpublicstatement-16february2012.html Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2011. Available at http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/ Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2010. Available at http://www.transparency.org/cpi2010/ Transparency International, Corruption Perception Barometer 2010 Report. Available at http://www. transparency.org/cpi2010/results Transparency International, Corruption Perception Index 2009. Available at http://www.transparency.org/research/ cpi/cpi_2009 Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries NYU CIC
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY i CENTER ON INT
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Table of Contents Getting Smart and
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security threats, such as counterin
Page 7 and 8:
section provides concluding remarks
Page 9 and 10:
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On Current Dev
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tax evasion, drug smuggling, illega
Page 13 and 14:
fraud. The complex web of informal
Page 15 and 16:
unpopulated regions, weak instituti
Page 17 and 18:
• Supporting crime-sensitive econ
Page 19 and 20:
II. SUGGESTIONS FOR TARGETED PROGRA
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violence by criminal gangs to provi
Page 23 and 24:
criminal activity in order to build
Page 25 and 26:
organized crime-related intelligenc
Page 27 and 28:
countries, security sector reform e
Page 29 and 30:
The growing incidence of cybercrime
Page 31 and 32:
4.2 Apply the principle of shared r
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III. KNOWING WHEN TO ENGAGE AND WHE
Page 35 and 36:
these challenges within government
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Where criminal enc
Page 39 and 40:
Organized criminal corruption can t
Page 41 and 42:
Afghanistan, Somalia, and Myanmar.
Page 43 and 44:
are prevalent, or where</st
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1.1.3 SUPPORT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
Page 47 and 48:
2.5 USE SECTOR SPECIFIC POLITICAL E
Page 49 and 50:
Bibliography Books Arias, Desmond E
Page 51 and 52:
International Drug Policy Consortiu
Page 53 and 54:
US Department of State (undated), M
Page 55 and 56:
ANNEX I - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED C
Page 57 and 58:
New Political Contestation amidst W
Page 59 and 60:
Many in Nepal see the eventual adop
Page 61 and 62:
epresentatives and journalists visi
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(also known as Comrade Kiran), the
Page 65 and 66:
Nepalis continue to be marginalized
Page 67 and 68:
Although informal justice mechanism
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accessibility of law enforcement to
Page 71 and 72:
lines, believing such an institutio
Page 73 and 74:
Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditio
Page 75 and 76:
declined between 2010 and 2012. (Th
Page 77 and 78:
may well be that it is easy to exer
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in Nepal up to 4,000 cars stolen fr
Page 81 and 82:
were destroyed in 2010 alone. 153 A
Page 83 and 84: as a transshipment country between
Page 85 and 86: abroad. At times, they may be trick
Page 87 and 88: for self-determination and rights e
Page 89 and 90: do they yet systematically deliver
Page 91 and 92: youth wing of political parties, pa
Page 93 and 94: Bibliography Books Thapa, Dheepak (
Page 95 and 96: International Crisis Group (2012a).
Page 97 and 98: K.C., Bikash (2011b). “NA Million
Page 99 and 100: Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 101 and 102: Introduction Ghana is experiencing
Page 103 and 104: I. Political, Instituional, Socio-E
Page 105 and 106: overwhelmingly supported by Ewes in
Page 107 and 108: and community over generations. Thi
Page 109 and 110: the potential increases in crime an
Page 111 and 112: charged with conspiracy to distribu
Page 113 and 114: and ratified a series of regional a
Page 115 and 116: funds related to money laundering.
Page 117 and 118: and Takoradi. The consignments come
Page 119 and 120: In the years preceding 2008, Ghanai
Page 121 and 122: may be attributed to the nature of
Page 123 and 124: etween the two main political parti
Page 125 and 126: police and custom officials arreste
Page 127 and 128: levels, however, treatment for drug
Page 129 and 130: V. The Donor Context Most external
Page 131 and 132: • Addressing socio-economic chall
Page 133: Ellis, Stephen (2009). ‘West Afri
Page 139 and 140: Introduction Organized crime captur
Page 141 and 142: II. The Political Instiution and So
Page 143 and 144: to anchor contracts. 13 Meanwhile,
Page 145 and 146: promoting alternative approaches to
Page 147 and 148: II. The Nature and Scope of Organiz
Page 149 and 150: of contraband along the potential
Page 151 and 152: investigation into Suleman’s alle
Page 153 and 154: Rovers, Mitsubishi Colts, Land Crui
Page 155 and 156: may have been involved in launderin
Page 157 and 158: linkages between senior FRELIMO off
Page 159 and 160: seeking to more strongly align its
Page 161 and 162: Kyed, Helene Maria (2007), State Re
Page 165 and 166: Introduction Emerging from a decade
Page 167 and 168: political figures in Sierra Leone a
Page 169 and 170: After 150 years under British colon
Page 171 and 172: signed on behalf of the government
Page 173 and 174: and economic development. 75 Amidst
Page 175 and 176: Notwithstanding, in 2011 several in
Page 177 and 178: provoked by an air traffic controll
Page 179 and 180: which raises some concern that the
Page 181 and 182: smuggled diamonds to Belgium in 199
Page 183 and 184: Concerns about the resilience and c
Page 185 and 186:
the current Sierra Leonean governme
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egional countries through the WACI.
Page 189 and 190:
V. Conclusions Sierra Leone has mad
Page 191 and 192:
• Beyond traditional support and
Page 193 and 194:
Gbla, Osman (2007). “Security Sec
Page 195 and 196:
United Nations Security Council (20
Page 197 and 198:
Newspaper Online, January 21. Avail
Page 199 and 200:
Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 201 and 202:
Introduction Guyana is located on t
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Afro-Guyanese and mixed race popula
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Guyanese town Buxton claimed joint
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is primarily based on exports from
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The electronic intelligence devices
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Desi Bouterese, head of the main op
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sector plan based on the government
Page 215 and 216:
development actors might consider a
Page 217 and 218:
Kaieteur News, 2009, Roger Khan Ple
Page 219 and 220:
Annex VI - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED
Page 221 and 222:
I. Regional, Political, Institution
Page 223 and 224:
heterogeneous than they are today.
Page 225 and 226:
that had few economic resources. Po
Page 227 and 228:
II. The Nature of Organized Crime i
Page 229 and 230:
gangs in central and western Kingst
Page 231 and 232:
A US diplomatic cable released by W
Page 233 and 234:
some projects leads to lower levels
Page 235 and 236:
professionalizing the police. Dilap
Page 237 and 238:
Bibliography Books Figueroa, Mark a
Page 239 and 240:
“Jamaica’s Women Drug Mules fil
Page 241 and 242:
Annual Review of Global Peace Opera
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