here - Center on International Cooperation - New York University

e defined formally and structure and membership may
change.
The research team also noted that criminal enterprises
operate as networks rather than hierarchical structures,
and that these connected nodes have significant linkages
among themselves and others, as well as varying levels of
participation in network activities, including a core and
periphery. 4 We paid particular attention to the organized
criminal groups or networks which acquire political capital,
and political, economic or social identities over time.
Organized Criminal Activities
6
For the purpose of this project the following were
considered organized criminal activities: drug trafficking,
human trafficking, illicit trade in counterfeit goods and
other illegal commodities, small arms manufacture, small
and conventional arms trafficking, illegal logging, illegal
trade in wildlife, money laundering, advanced fee and
Internet fraud, piracy, corruption, forgery, oil bunkering,
extortion and kidnapping and racketeering.
Governance
In this paper, the term ‘governance’ refers to
institutionalized modes of social coordination through
which actors produce and provide collective rules and
goods. While the case study authors used this definition
as a broad guideline when conducting their research, they
were also encouraged to capture the more nuanced forms
of governance that play out in reality in the countries
in question, particularly traditional, informal, or even
transitory forms.
4. Phil Williams (1998), “The Nature of Drug-Trafficking Networks.” in Current History, Vol. 97, No.
618, pp.154-159: 155.
NYU
CIC
Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries