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192 Sierra Leone, Statement of H.E. the President [of Sierra Leone] on the occasion of the Signing of the Inter-Party Communiqué, April 2009. Shaw, Mark (2012), “Leadership Required: Drug Trafficking and the Crisis of Statehood in West Africa,” Policy Brief no. 37, Institute for Security Studies, October. United Kingdom Department for International Development (2008), Evaluation of DFID Country Programmes: Sierra Leone, Evaluation Report EV 690, September. United Kingdom Department for International Development (2012), Operational Plan 2011-2015: DFID Sierra Leone, updated June 2012. United Nations Environment Programme (2010). Sierra Leone. Environment, Conflict and Peacebuilding Assessment, Technical Report. Available at: http://postconflict.unep.ch/ publications/ Sierra_Leone.pdf. United Nations Environment Programme, Sierra Leone Environmental Cooperation for Peacebuilding. Available at http://www.unep.org/sierraleone/. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2007). Cocaine Trafficking in Western Africa, Situation Report. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/ Cocaine-trafficking-Africa-en.pdf. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2009), Transnational Trafficking and the Rule of Law. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2010), The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2011a). The Transatlantic Cocaine Market, Research Paper. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/ Studies/Transatlantic_ cocaine_market.pdf. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2011b). World Drug Report. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/ documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/Seizures_2011_ Final.pdf. United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Mission Sierra Leone (2011), Transition of UN Operations and the Drawdown of UNIPSIL: Detailed Review and Assessment of Sierra Leone’s Achievements and Challenges in Peace Consolidation. UN Security Council Presidential Statement (S/PRST/2012/11) Available at: http://www. securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27- 4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/SL%20S%20PRST%20 2012%2011.pdf. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2012), World Drug Report. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013), Transnational Organized Crime in West Africa: A Threat Assessment. United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (2012), Draft second review of the outcome of the high-level special session of the Peacebuilding Commission on Sierra Leone, PBC/6/SLE/L.1, August. United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office (2011), Drug Trafficking and Organised Crime as a Security Threat to West Africa and the Role of the Peacebuilding Commission, PBSO, UNODC and UNOWA, July. United Nations Security Council (2012), Resolution 2065 Adopted by the Security Council at its 6831st meeting, on 12 September 2012, S/RES/2065, September. United Nations Security Council (2012), Ninth report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone, S/2012/679, August 13. United Nations Security Council (2012). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone, S/2012/160, March 14. United Nations Security Council (2011). Seventh Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone, S/2011/554. NYU CIC Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries
United Nations Security Council (2011). Sixth report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone, S/2011/119. United Nations Security Council (2010). Fifth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone, S/2010/471. United States Attorney Southern District of New York (2011). Sierra Leone Trafficker Pleads Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court to Cocaine Importation Charges, Report, 4 October. United States Department of State (2011). International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. Drug and Chemical Control, Report Volume I. News Articles Afrik News (2010).„Sierra Leone: Ban on Lucrative Logging Industry.“ Available at: http://www.afrik-news.com/ article16757.html. Agence France Press (2010). „S.Leone Anti-Graft Agency Stops Illegal Timber Exports.“ Available at: http://www. google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jLkF-sAlM3x Bh4ppMfgab3uxHS4A?docId=CNG.72a0968e479299b230 4a8b66d69f9e56.351. Agence France Press (2010). “SLeone Lifts Ban on Timber Exports: Government.” Available at: http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ ALeqM5gn9z6VJyCQN1zP8fUNZCQPR2M1og United States Department of State (2012). International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. Drug and Chemical Control, Report Volume I. United States Department of State (2012b), Trafficking in Persons Report 2012, Country Narratives: Countries N Through Z. Available at http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/ tiprpt/2012/192368.htm. Vincent, James B. M. (2012), A Village-Up View of Sierra Leone’s Civil War and Reconstruction: Multilayered and Networked Governance, Institute of Development Studies, Research Report vol 2012, no 75, May. Witness to Truth (2004). Report of the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Report, Vol. 2. World Bank (2011), World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development, Washington D.C.: World Bank. World Health Organization (2009). WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2008-2013. Sierra Leone, Report. Akam, Simon (2012). “Two accused of taking bribes on behalf o vice-president,” Reuters: April 17. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/17/sierraleonecorruption-idUSL6E8FH BPO20 120417. All Africa (2012), “Liberia: Over 10,000 Sierra Leoneans Illegally Mining Diamonds in Liberia – Report,” December 17. Available at http://allafrica.com/stories/201212172082. html. Ambassador June Carter Perry (2009). Marijuana Cultivation Seen as National Security Threat, Cable released on Wikileaks, Released on August 30, 2011. Available at: http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/ 04/09FREETOWN135. html. Anti-Corruption Commission (2012). ACC Indicts Two (2) on Al Jazeera Africa Investigates Documentary. Available at: http://www.anticorruption.gov.sl/show_news.php?id=87. Anti-Corruption Commission – Sierra Leone (2011). ACC Intercepts 24 Containers Loaded With Timber for Illegal Export. Available at: http://www.anticorruption.gov.sl/ UserFiles/download/acc_ intercepts_containers_@ports. pdf. 193 BBC (2008). “Sierra Leone Bans Timber Exports,” January 15. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/ hi/africa/7189204. stm. Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries NYU CIC
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY i CENTER ON INT
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Table of Contents Getting Smart and
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security threats, such as counterin
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section provides concluding remarks
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On Current Dev
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tax evasion, drug smuggling, illega
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fraud. The complex web of informal
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unpopulated regions, weak instituti
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• Supporting crime-sensitive econ
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II. SUGGESTIONS FOR TARGETED PROGRA
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violence by criminal gangs to provi
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criminal activity in order to build
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organized crime-related intelligenc
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countries, security sector reform e
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The growing incidence of cybercrime
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4.2 Apply the principle of shared r
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III. KNOWING WHEN TO ENGAGE AND WHE
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these challenges within government
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Where criminal enc
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Organized criminal corruption can t
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Afghanistan, Somalia, and Myanmar.
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are prevalent, or where</st
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1.1.3 SUPPORT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
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2.5 USE SECTOR SPECIFIC POLITICAL E
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Bibliography Books Arias, Desmond E
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International Drug Policy Consortiu
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US Department of State (undated), M
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ANNEX I - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED C
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New Political Contestation amidst W
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Many in Nepal see the eventual adop
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epresentatives and journalists visi
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(also known as Comrade Kiran), the
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Nepalis continue to be marginalized
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Although informal justice mechanism
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accessibility of law enforcement to
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lines, believing such an institutio
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Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditio
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declined between 2010 and 2012. (Th
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may well be that it is easy to exer
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in Nepal up to 4,000 cars stolen fr
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were destroyed in 2010 alone. 153 A
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as a transshipment country between
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abroad. At times, they may be trick
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for self-determination and rights e
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do they yet systematically deliver
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youth wing of political parties, pa
Page 93 and 94:
Bibliography Books Thapa, Dheepak (
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International Crisis Group (2012a).
Page 97 and 98:
K.C., Bikash (2011b). “NA Million
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Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 101 and 102:
Introduction Ghana is experiencing
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I. Political, Instituional, Socio-E
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overwhelmingly supported by Ewes in
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and community over generations. Thi
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the potential increases in crime an
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charged with conspiracy to distribu
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and ratified a series of regional a
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funds related to money laundering.
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and Takoradi. The consignments come
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In the years preceding 2008, Ghanai
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may be attributed to the nature of
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etween the two main political parti
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police and custom officials arreste
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levels, however, treatment for drug
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V. The Donor Context Most external
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• Addressing socio-economic chall
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Ellis, Stephen (2009). ‘West Afri
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‘High Toxic Levels Found at Schoo
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Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
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Introduction Organized crime captur
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II. The Political Instiution and So
Page 143 and 144: to anchor contracts. 13 Meanwhile,
Page 145 and 146: promoting alternative approaches to
Page 147 and 148: II. The Nature and Scope of Organiz
Page 149 and 150: of contraband along the potential
Page 151 and 152: investigation into Suleman’s alle
Page 153 and 154: Rovers, Mitsubishi Colts, Land Crui
Page 155 and 156: may have been involved in launderin
Page 157 and 158: linkages between senior FRELIMO off
Page 159 and 160: seeking to more strongly align its
Page 161 and 162: Kyed, Helene Maria (2007), State Re
Page 163 and 164: Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 165 and 166: Introduction Emerging from a decade
Page 167 and 168: political figures in Sierra Leone a
Page 169 and 170: After 150 years under British colon
Page 171 and 172: signed on behalf of the government
Page 173 and 174: and economic development. 75 Amidst
Page 175 and 176: Notwithstanding, in 2011 several in
Page 177 and 178: provoked by an air traffic controll
Page 179 and 180: which raises some concern that the
Page 181 and 182: smuggled diamonds to Belgium in 199
Page 183 and 184: Concerns about the resilience and c
Page 185 and 186: the current Sierra Leonean governme
Page 187 and 188: egional countries through the WACI.
Page 189 and 190: V. Conclusions Sierra Leone has mad
Page 191 and 192: • Beyond traditional support and
Page 193: Gbla, Osman (2007). “Security Sec
Page 197 and 198: Newspaper Online, January 21. Avail
Page 199 and 200: Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 201 and 202: Introduction Guyana is located on t
Page 203 and 204: Afro-Guyanese and mixed race popula
Page 205 and 206: Guyanese town Buxton claimed joint
Page 207 and 208: is primarily based on exports from
Page 209 and 210: The electronic intelligence devices
Page 211 and 212: Desi Bouterese, head of the main op
Page 213 and 214: sector plan based on the government
Page 215 and 216: development actors might consider a
Page 217 and 218: Kaieteur News, 2009, Roger Khan Ple
Page 219 and 220: Annex VI - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED
Page 221 and 222: I. Regional, Political, Institution
Page 223 and 224: heterogeneous than they are today.
Page 225 and 226: that had few economic resources. Po
Page 227 and 228: II. The Nature of Organized Crime i
Page 229 and 230: gangs in central and western Kingst
Page 231 and 232: A US diplomatic cable released by W
Page 233 and 234: some projects leads to lower levels
Page 235 and 236: professionalizing the police. Dilap
Page 237 and 238: Bibliography Books Figueroa, Mark a
Page 239 and 240: “Jamaica’s Women Drug Mules fil
Page 241 and 242: Annual Review of Global Peace Opera
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