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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION The world faces old and new security challenges that are more complex than our multilateral and national institutions are currently capable of managing. International cooperation is ever more necessary in meeting these challenges. The NYU <strong>Center</strong> on International Cooperation (CIC) works to enhance international responses to conflict, insecurity, and scarcity through applied research and direct engagement with multilateral institutions and the wider policy community. CIC’s programs and research activities span the spectrum of conflict, insecurity, and scarcity issues. This allows us to see critical inter-connections and highlight the co<strong>here</strong>nce often necessary for effective response. We have a particular concentration on the UN and multilateral responses to conflict.
Table of Contents Getting Smart and Scaling Up Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Governance in Developing Countries Camino Kavanagh, Editor and Lead Reseacher Background 4 Methodology and Survey Design Definitions 5 I. Executive Summary 7 On Current Development Assistance Policy Regarding Organized Crime 7 On the Findings of the Case Studies 8 On How Development Actors Can Support More Effective Responses to Organized Crime 14 II. Suggestions for Targeted Programming 17 Protecting the Political Process from Organized Crime 17 Modernizing and Strengthening the Criminal Justice System 22 and Law Enforcement Support Smart, Crime Sensitive Socio-Economic Policy Development 26 Engaging Civil Society 27 Deepening the Knowledge Base 29 III. Knowing When to Engage and W<strong>here</strong> to Prioritize Efforts 31 Political Economy Assessments 31 Typology Analysis 33 IV. Conclusions 40 Annexes 52 Annex I - Nepal In-Country Case Study 53 Annex II – Ghana In-Country Case Study 97 Annex III – Mozambique In-Country Case Study 135 Annex IV – Sierra Leone Desk Study 161 Annex V – Guyana Desk Study 197 Annex VI – Jamaica Desk Study 216
Page 1: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY i CENTER ON INT
Page 5 and 6: security threats, such as counterin
Page 7 and 8: section provides concluding remarks
Page 9 and 10: I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On Current Dev
Page 11 and 12: tax evasion, drug smuggling, illega
Page 13 and 14: fraud. The complex web of informal
Page 15 and 16: unpopulated regions, weak instituti
Page 17 and 18: • Supporting crime-sensitive econ
Page 19 and 20: II. SUGGESTIONS FOR TARGETED PROGRA
Page 21 and 22: violence by criminal gangs to provi
Page 23 and 24: criminal activity in order to build
Page 25 and 26: organized crime-related intelligenc
Page 27 and 28: countries, security sector reform e
Page 29 and 30: The growing incidence of cybercrime
Page 31 and 32: 4.2 Apply the principle of shared r
Page 33 and 34: III. KNOWING WHEN TO ENGAGE AND WHE
Page 35 and 36: these challenges within government
Page 37 and 38: Where criminal enc
Page 39 and 40: Organized criminal corruption can t
Page 41 and 42: Afghanistan, Somalia, and Myanmar.
Page 43 and 44: are prevalent, or where</st
Page 45 and 46: 1.1.3 SUPPORT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
Page 47 and 48: 2.5 USE SECTOR SPECIFIC POLITICAL E
Page 49 and 50: Bibliography Books Arias, Desmond E
Page 51 and 52: International Drug Policy Consortiu
Page 53 and 54:
US Department of State (undated), M
Page 55 and 56:
ANNEX I - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED C
Page 57 and 58:
New Political Contestation amidst W
Page 59 and 60:
Many in Nepal see the eventual adop
Page 61 and 62:
epresentatives and journalists visi
Page 63 and 64:
(also known as Comrade Kiran), the
Page 65 and 66:
Nepalis continue to be marginalized
Page 67 and 68:
Although informal justice mechanism
Page 69 and 70:
accessibility of law enforcement to
Page 71 and 72:
lines, believing such an institutio
Page 73 and 74:
Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditio
Page 75 and 76:
declined between 2010 and 2012. (Th
Page 77 and 78:
may well be that it is easy to exer
Page 79 and 80:
in Nepal up to 4,000 cars stolen fr
Page 81 and 82:
were destroyed in 2010 alone. 153 A
Page 83 and 84:
as a transshipment country between
Page 85 and 86:
abroad. At times, they may be trick
Page 87 and 88:
for self-determination and rights e
Page 89 and 90:
do they yet systematically deliver
Page 91 and 92:
youth wing of political parties, pa
Page 93 and 94:
Bibliography Books Thapa, Dheepak (
Page 95 and 96:
International Crisis Group (2012a).
Page 97 and 98:
K.C., Bikash (2011b). “NA Million
Page 99 and 100:
Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 101 and 102:
Introduction Ghana is experiencing
Page 103 and 104:
I. Political, Instituional, Socio-E
Page 105 and 106:
overwhelmingly supported by Ewes in
Page 107 and 108:
and community over generations. Thi
Page 109 and 110:
the potential increases in crime an
Page 111 and 112:
charged with conspiracy to distribu
Page 113 and 114:
and ratified a series of regional a
Page 115 and 116:
funds related to money laundering.
Page 117 and 118:
and Takoradi. The consignments come
Page 119 and 120:
In the years preceding 2008, Ghanai
Page 121 and 122:
may be attributed to the nature of
Page 123 and 124:
etween the two main political parti
Page 125 and 126:
police and custom officials arreste
Page 127 and 128:
levels, however, treatment for drug
Page 129 and 130:
V. The Donor Context Most external
Page 131 and 132:
• Addressing socio-economic chall
Page 133 and 134:
Ellis, Stephen (2009). ‘West Afri
Page 135 and 136:
‘High Toxic Levels Found at Schoo
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Introduction Organized crime captur
Page 141 and 142:
II. The Political Instiution and So
Page 143 and 144:
to anchor contracts. 13 Meanwhile,
Page 145 and 146:
promoting alternative approaches to
Page 147 and 148:
II. The Nature and Scope of Organiz
Page 149 and 150:
of contraband along the potential
Page 151 and 152:
investigation into Suleman’s alle
Page 153 and 154:
Rovers, Mitsubishi Colts, Land Crui
Page 155 and 156:
may have been involved in launderin
Page 157 and 158:
linkages between senior FRELIMO off
Page 159 and 160:
seeking to more strongly align its
Page 161 and 162:
Kyed, Helene Maria (2007), State Re
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Introduction Emerging from a decade
Page 167 and 168:
political figures in Sierra Leone a
Page 169 and 170:
After 150 years under British colon
Page 171 and 172:
signed on behalf of the government
Page 173 and 174:
and economic development. 75 Amidst
Page 175 and 176:
Notwithstanding, in 2011 several in
Page 177 and 178:
provoked by an air traffic controll
Page 179 and 180:
which raises some concern that the
Page 181 and 182:
smuggled diamonds to Belgium in 199
Page 183 and 184:
Concerns about the resilience and c
Page 185 and 186:
the current Sierra Leonean governme
Page 187 and 188:
egional countries through the WACI.
Page 189 and 190:
V. Conclusions Sierra Leone has mad
Page 191 and 192:
• Beyond traditional support and
Page 193 and 194:
Gbla, Osman (2007). “Security Sec
Page 195 and 196:
United Nations Security Council (20
Page 197 and 198:
Newspaper Online, January 21. Avail
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Introduction Guyana is located on t
Page 203 and 204:
Afro-Guyanese and mixed race popula
Page 205 and 206:
Guyanese town Buxton claimed joint
Page 207 and 208:
is primarily based on exports from
Page 209 and 210:
The electronic intelligence devices
Page 211 and 212:
Desi Bouterese, head of the main op
Page 213 and 214:
sector plan based on the government
Page 215 and 216:
development actors might consider a
Page 217 and 218:
Kaieteur News, 2009, Roger Khan Ple
Page 219 and 220:
Annex VI - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED
Page 221 and 222:
I. Regional, Political, Institution
Page 223 and 224:
heterogeneous than they are today.
Page 225 and 226:
that had few economic resources. Po
Page 227 and 228:
II. The Nature of Organized Crime i
Page 229 and 230:
gangs in central and western Kingst
Page 231 and 232:
A US diplomatic cable released by W
Page 233 and 234:
some projects leads to lower levels
Page 235 and 236:
professionalizing the police. Dilap
Page 237 and 238:
Bibliography Books Figueroa, Mark a
Page 239 and 240:
“Jamaica’s Women Drug Mules fil
Page 241 and 242:
Annual Review of Global Peace Opera
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