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194 Blair, David (2009). “Sierra Leone Targeted by Latin American Drug Cartels,” The Telegraph, February 27. Available at:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ worldnews/africaandindianocean/ sierraleone/4863771/ Sierra-Leone-targeted-by-Latin-American-drug-cartels. html. Cham, Kemo (2012). “Conservation Groups Protest Lifting of Sierra Leone Timber Export Ban,” African Review, November 6. Available at: http://www.africareview.com/ Business---Finance/Conservationists-protest-Sierra- Leone-timber-export-nod/-/979184/1612964/-/441hyq/-/ index.html. Cham, Kemo (2012). „Two Indicted in Sierra Leone’s Al Jazeera ‚Timbergate’ saga,“ African Review, April 17. Available at: http://www.africareview.com/Business+++Finance/ Two+indicted+in+Sierra+Leones+Timbergate+sa ga/-/979184/1388046/-/view/printVersion/-/1dv5hp/-/ index.html. Cockayne, James (2012), West Africa: Africa and the War On Drugs - the West African Cocaine Trade is Not Just Business as Usual,” All Africa, October 19. Country Watch (2012). Sierra Leone. 2012 Country Review. Available at: http://www.countrywatch.com/pdfs/reviews/ B44838Q4.01b.pdf. IRIN (2010). Sierra Leone: A Ballooning Drug Problem, Interview with Kellie Conteh, April 7. Available at: http:// www.irinnews.org/Report/88727/SIERRA-LEONE-Aballooning-drug-problem. International Foundation for Electoral Systems (2012), “Ahead of Elections, Sierra Leone Focuses on Mitigating Political Violence,” January 17. Available at http://www. ifes.org/Content/Publications/News-in-Brief/2012/Jan/ Ahead-of-Elections-Sierra-Leone-Focuses-on-Mitigating- Political-Violence.aspx. Joint Communiqué Issued at the End of the Visit of His Excellency, Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma, President oft he Republic of Sierra Leone to the Republic of Liberia, May 10-11, 2012. Available at: http://www.emansion.gov.lr/doc/JOINT%20 COMMUNIQU_-%20Final.pdf. Kargbo, Abu Bakarr (2012). “38 Arrested for Diamba Cultivation,” The Daily IIJ – A Weblog By the International Institute of Journalism of the GIZ, May 9. Available at: http:// inwent-iij-lab.org/Weblog/2012/05/09/38-arrested-fordiamba-cultivation/. Lupick, Travis (2013), “Drug Traffic fuels addiction in Sierra Leone,” Al Jazeera, January 26. Available at http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/ features/2013/01/2013121105523716213.html. Masland, Tom (2002). „Voices of the Children“ Newsweek, May 13. Mustapha, Dumbuya, and Damon Van der Linde (2012), “Sierra Leone launches online mining database to increase transparency,” The Guardian, February 1. Available at http:// www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/feb/01/ sierra-leone-online-mining-data-transparency. Price, Matthew (2001). „Sierra Leone: The Battle for Childhood,“ BBC News Online, January 26. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1136430.stm. Sierra Express Media (2011), “Human Development Report 2011: Summary highlights Sierra Leone,” November 3. Available at www.sierraexpressmedia.com/ archives/31813. Sem (2011a). “Ahmed Sesay Completes Sentence – Pays Le 300 Million Fine,” Sierra Express Media, November 21. Available at: http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/ archives/32419. Sem (2011b). “Maada Bio Attacked as Bo Town Set on Fire during APC and SLPP Clash,” Sierra Express Media, September 9. Available at: http://www.sierraexpressmedia. com/ archives/29275. Standard Times Press (2012). “Popular Sierra Leonean Cocaine Convict Goes to Jail in America,” February 3. Available at: http://standardtimespress.org/?p=1486. The New People (2011). “As Hardship Intensified in Sierra Leone, President Koroma through the Help of Kemoh Sesay Buys Hotel in Las Palmas?” The New People NYU CIC Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries
Newspaper Online, January 21. Available at: http://www. thenewpeople.com/front-page/item/786-as-hardshipintensifies-in-sierra-leone-president-koroma-throughthe-help-of-kemoh-sesay-buys-hotel-in-las-palmas. The Sierra Leone Daily Mail (2011). Interpol Helps Sierra Leone Police Discover A 40 Foot Container Stuffed with Cocaine. December 17. Available at: http://www. sierraleonedailymail. com/archives/3954. Sierra Leone Telegraph (2012) UN Raises Question about President Koroma’s Arms Purchase, 22 March 2012 http:// www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/?p=1417. Telegraph (2009), Sierra Leone Targeted by Latin American Drug Cartels, Telegraph, February 27. United Nations Department of Public Information (2012). “Sierra Leone Must Pass ‚Crucial Test’ of November Elections to Consolidate Exceptional Success Achieved Since Civil War, Security Council Told,” Security Council, 6739th Meeting, SC/10589, March 22. Available at: http:// www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10589.doc.htm. United Nations Department of Public Information (2010). Security Council Unanimously Agrees to Lift Sanctions against Sierra Leone, Extend Mandate for Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Country until September 2011,” Press Release, September 29. Available at: http://www.un.org/ News/Press/docs/2010/sc10044.doc.htm. US Embassy Cable (2008), “Cocaine Bust: Minister of Transport Sacked,” August 6, obtained by Wikileaks, available at “US embassy cables: Sierra Leone minister sacked after cocaine bust,” The Guardian, December 6, 2010, accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/usembassy-cables-documents/165082. United States Attorney’s Office – Southern District of New York (2012). Sierra Leone Narcotics Traffickers Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to 20 Years in Prison on International Cocaine Conspiracy Charges, May 11. Available at: http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/ May12/ kamarasentencing.html. Voice of America(2009), Drug Smugglers Expelled from Sierra Leone to Face US Charges, Voice of America, November 2. Internet Sources African Economic Outlook (2012), “Sierra Leone,” Available at: http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/ west-africa/sierra-leone/. Anadarko Petroleum Cooperation (2009). Anadarko Announces Discovery Offshore Sierra Leone, News Release, September 16. Available at: http://www.anadarko. com/Investor/Pages/News Releases/NewsReleases. aspx?release-id=1332358. GIABA (2012), Member States: Sierra Leone, http://www. giaba.org/member-states/20_sierra-leone.html. Freedom House (2010). Sierra Leone, Country Report. Available at: http://www.freedomhouse. org/report/ countries-crossroads-2010/sierra-leone#_edn2. Freedom House (2012), Sierra Leone, Country Report. Available at: http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/ freedom-world/2012/sierra-leone. Security Council Report (2012), “September 2012 Monthly Forecast: Sierra Leone,” September. Available at http://www. securitycouncilreport.org/monthly-forecast/2012-09/ sierra_leone.php. Transparency International (2010), Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Sierra Leone. Anti- Corruption Resource Centre. Available at: http://www. u4.no/publications/overview-of-corruption-and-anticorruption-in-sierra-leone/. Transparency International (2010), Global Corruption Barometer Report. Available at: http://www.transparency.org/country#SLE. UNODC (2013), “Sierra Leone,” http://www.unodc.org/ westandcentralafrica/en/sierra-leone.html. 195 Responding to the Impact of Organized Crime on Developing Countries NYU CIC
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY i CENTER ON INT
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Table of Contents Getting Smart and
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security threats, such as counterin
Page 7 and 8:
section provides concluding remarks
Page 9 and 10:
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On Current Dev
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tax evasion, drug smuggling, illega
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fraud. The complex web of informal
Page 15 and 16:
unpopulated regions, weak instituti
Page 17 and 18:
• Supporting crime-sensitive econ
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II. SUGGESTIONS FOR TARGETED PROGRA
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violence by criminal gangs to provi
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criminal activity in order to build
Page 25 and 26:
organized crime-related intelligenc
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countries, security sector reform e
Page 29 and 30:
The growing incidence of cybercrime
Page 31 and 32:
4.2 Apply the principle of shared r
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III. KNOWING WHEN TO ENGAGE AND WHE
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these challenges within government
Page 37 and 38:
Where criminal enc
Page 39 and 40:
Organized criminal corruption can t
Page 41 and 42:
Afghanistan, Somalia, and Myanmar.
Page 43 and 44:
are prevalent, or where</st
Page 45 and 46:
1.1.3 SUPPORT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
Page 47 and 48:
2.5 USE SECTOR SPECIFIC POLITICAL E
Page 49 and 50:
Bibliography Books Arias, Desmond E
Page 51 and 52:
International Drug Policy Consortiu
Page 53 and 54:
US Department of State (undated), M
Page 55 and 56:
ANNEX I - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED C
Page 57 and 58:
New Political Contestation amidst W
Page 59 and 60:
Many in Nepal see the eventual adop
Page 61 and 62:
epresentatives and journalists visi
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(also known as Comrade Kiran), the
Page 65 and 66:
Nepalis continue to be marginalized
Page 67 and 68:
Although informal justice mechanism
Page 69 and 70:
accessibility of law enforcement to
Page 71 and 72:
lines, believing such an institutio
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Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditio
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declined between 2010 and 2012. (Th
Page 77 and 78:
may well be that it is easy to exer
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in Nepal up to 4,000 cars stolen fr
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were destroyed in 2010 alone. 153 A
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as a transshipment country between
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abroad. At times, they may be trick
Page 87 and 88:
for self-determination and rights e
Page 89 and 90:
do they yet systematically deliver
Page 91 and 92:
youth wing of political parties, pa
Page 93 and 94:
Bibliography Books Thapa, Dheepak (
Page 95 and 96:
International Crisis Group (2012a).
Page 97 and 98:
K.C., Bikash (2011b). “NA Million
Page 99 and 100:
Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 101 and 102:
Introduction Ghana is experiencing
Page 103 and 104:
I. Political, Instituional, Socio-E
Page 105 and 106:
overwhelmingly supported by Ewes in
Page 107 and 108:
and community over generations. Thi
Page 109 and 110:
the potential increases in crime an
Page 111 and 112:
charged with conspiracy to distribu
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and ratified a series of regional a
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funds related to money laundering.
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and Takoradi. The consignments come
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In the years preceding 2008, Ghanai
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may be attributed to the nature of
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etween the two main political parti
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police and custom officials arreste
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levels, however, treatment for drug
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V. The Donor Context Most external
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• Addressing socio-economic chall
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Ellis, Stephen (2009). ‘West Afri
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‘High Toxic Levels Found at Schoo
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Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 139 and 140:
Introduction Organized crime captur
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II. The Political Instiution and So
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to anchor contracts. 13 Meanwhile,
Page 145 and 146: promoting alternative approaches to
Page 147 and 148: II. The Nature and Scope of Organiz
Page 149 and 150: of contraband along the potential
Page 151 and 152: investigation into Suleman’s alle
Page 153 and 154: Rovers, Mitsubishi Colts, Land Crui
Page 155 and 156: may have been involved in launderin
Page 157 and 158: linkages between senior FRELIMO off
Page 159 and 160: seeking to more strongly align its
Page 161 and 162: Kyed, Helene Maria (2007), State Re
Page 163 and 164: Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 165 and 166: Introduction Emerging from a decade
Page 167 and 168: political figures in Sierra Leone a
Page 169 and 170: After 150 years under British colon
Page 171 and 172: signed on behalf of the government
Page 173 and 174: and economic development. 75 Amidst
Page 175 and 176: Notwithstanding, in 2011 several in
Page 177 and 178: provoked by an air traffic controll
Page 179 and 180: which raises some concern that the
Page 181 and 182: smuggled diamonds to Belgium in 199
Page 183 and 184: Concerns about the resilience and c
Page 185 and 186: the current Sierra Leonean governme
Page 187 and 188: egional countries through the WACI.
Page 189 and 190: V. Conclusions Sierra Leone has mad
Page 191 and 192: • Beyond traditional support and
Page 193 and 194: Gbla, Osman (2007). “Security Sec
Page 195: United Nations Security Council (20
Page 199 and 200: Getting Smart and Scaling Up : The
Page 201 and 202: Introduction Guyana is located on t
Page 203 and 204: Afro-Guyanese and mixed race popula
Page 205 and 206: Guyanese town Buxton claimed joint
Page 207 and 208: is primarily based on exports from
Page 209 and 210: The electronic intelligence devices
Page 211 and 212: Desi Bouterese, head of the main op
Page 213 and 214: sector plan based on the government
Page 215 and 216: development actors might consider a
Page 217 and 218: Kaieteur News, 2009, Roger Khan Ple
Page 219 and 220: Annex VI - THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZED
Page 221 and 222: I. Regional, Political, Institution
Page 223 and 224: heterogeneous than they are today.
Page 225 and 226: that had few economic resources. Po
Page 227 and 228: II. The Nature of Organized Crime i
Page 229 and 230: gangs in central and western Kingst
Page 231 and 232: A US diplomatic cable released by W
Page 233 and 234: some projects leads to lower levels
Page 235 and 236: professionalizing the police. Dilap
Page 237 and 238: Bibliography Books Figueroa, Mark a
Page 239 and 240: “Jamaica’s Women Drug Mules fil
Page 241 and 242: Annual Review of Global Peace Opera
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