Education, Training and Networking for Entrepreneurship in ...

Table 8.4
Vocation of adults, by their competency
Denmark 2003-08
Competent Less
competent
Non-entrepreneurs 64 % 92 %
Entrepreneurs 36 % 8 %
Sum 100 % 100 %
N adults 7.122 10.715
Table 8.5
Vocation of adults, by their networking
Denmark 2003-08
Networking
Not
networking
Non-entrepreneurs 71 % 90 %
Entrepreneur 29 % 10 %
Sum 100 % 100 %
N adults 8.502 9.842
Vocation is shaped by competency, in the manner
that competent people are far more likely to
be entrepreneurs than less competent people
(holding other conditions constant). Vocation is
also shaped by networking, in the manner that
networking people are more likely to be entrepreneurs
than non networking people. Training
seems to have a tiny effect on vocation. Education
affects vocation in the following ways:
people with medium or short higher education
or with vocational education have less likelihood
of becoming entrepreneurs than people
with long higher education. Also people with
neither vocational nor higher education have
less likelihood of becoming entrepreneurs than
people with higher education (controling for
the other conditions).
These effects are shown in Figure 8.2, which
also shows the effects found in the preceding
chapter (Figure 7.2). A solid arrow denotes a
positive effect, a dashed arrow shows a negative
effect, and the thickness of an arrow symbolizes
the magnitude of the effect.
Vocation can thus be partly understood and explained
in terms of four factors: education,
training, competency and networking. People
with long higher education, with training, with
competency, and with a network are more likely
than other people to be entrepreneurs.
probability-value less than 0.0001 in a one-sided
chi-square test).
The above cross-tabulations show how vocation
relates to each condition, while ignoring
the other conditions. This limitation will now be
overcome by a more elaborate analysis.
Having studied people, as they may or may not
be involved in entrepreneurship, we now zoom
in to focus on the entrepreneurs.
Effects upon people’s vocation from their
education, training, competency and
networking
Now we address the further question, how is
vocation affected by each condition, while holding
the other conditions constant? The distinct
effects are estimated by regression (Table 8.6 in
the appendix).
56