Education, Training and Networking for Entrepreneurship in ...

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Table 9.12 Logistic regression of entrepreneurs’ competency Entrepreneurs in Denmark 2003-08 Coefficient Odds ratio Probability-value Medium higher education - 0,1 0,9 0,23 one-tailed Short higher education - 0,3 0,8 0,04 one-tailed Vocational education 0,0 1,0 Neither vocational nor hi ed - 0,3 0,7 0,005 one-tailed Gender (female 0, male 1) 0,7 2,0 0,0001 one-tailed Age (logarithmic) 0,7 2,0 0,0001 one-tailed Constant -1,7 Training * 0,3 1,4 0,15 one-tailed N = 3.386 entrepreneurs * Estimates from 2008 data Table 9.13 Linear regression of entrepreneurs’ network size Starters and owner-managers in Denmark 2008 Coefficient Odds ratio Probability-value Medium higher education 0,5 0,05 0,53 two-tailed Short higher education - 0,6 - 0,05 0,54 two-tailed Vocational education 0,4 0,04 0,59 two-tailed Neither vocational nor hi ed 1,2 0,09 0,22 two-tailed Training 1,7 0,18 0,003 one-tailed Competency 1,3 0,12 0,04 one-tailed Gender (female 0, male 1) - 0,1 - 0,01 0,90 two-tailed Age (logarithmic) - 3,4 - 0,23 0,0004 one-tailed Constant 17,7 R 2 = 0,14 N = 217 Denmark. Table 9.11 uses data for almost all entrepreneurs who participated in our survey in 2008 when training was first measured (the sample of entrepreneurs is here small). Table 9.12 is based on the data on the entrepreneurs surveyed 2003-08. Data for these analysis are available on by far most entrepreneurs identified in our surveys in the years 2003-08, except that the questions about training and network size were asked only in 2008. Therefore I regressed on the independendent variables including training and networking using only the data for 2008 and I regressed on the independent variables excluding training and networking using the data for 2003-08. Table 9.12 shows the regression estimates using the data for 2003-08 and also the estimated effect of training using the data from 2008, as marked with an asterix. Table 9.13 is based only on the starters and owner-managers identified in our survey in 2008, because these are the only ones who were asked about their network of advisors. The sample is small, only 217 entrepreneurs, and we are trying to estimate effects from a handful of educational groups, so the sample in each group is 91
very small. The estimated effects are therefore not very precise and trustworthy (that is, the coefficients are not statistically significant). Effects from education upon networking are therefore not shown in Figure 9.2 in Chapter 9. Notes to Chapter 10 Figure 10.2 is based on Table 10.5. The unit of analysis an entrepreneur who is a starter or owner-manager in Denmark. The sample is those identified in our surveys of adults in Denmark 2003-08. I regressed innovativeness on the independent variables except training and network size using the data from 2003-08 and I regressed on the independent variables including training and network size from 2008 (because training and network size was measured only in 2008, when the sample of starters and owner-managers was small). The regression using the data from 2003-08 is shown in Table 10.5. The estimated effects of training and network size using the data from 2008 are also shown, marked by an asterix. Table 10.5 Linear regression of starters and owner-managers’ innovativeness Starters and owner-managers in Denmark 2003-08 Regression Standardized Propabilitycoefficient coefficient value Medium - 0,02 - 0,02 0,27 one-tailed Short - 0,1 - 0,05 0,02 one-tailed Vocational - 0,1 - 0,11 0,0001 one-tailed Neither - 0,1 - 0,05 0,02 one-tailed Competency 0,04 0,03 0,06 one-tailed Age (logarithmic) 0,02 0,01 0,34 one-tailed Gender (female 0, male 1) - 0,1 - 0,05 None Phase (start 1, own-manage 0) 0,1 0,12 None Phase*Gender 0,1 0,09 0,02 two-tailed Firm age (logarithmic) - 0,1 - 0,16 0,0001 two-tailed Constant 1,6 Training * 0,02 0,01 0,43 one-tailed Network size * 0,01 0,11 0,09 one-tailed R 2 = 0,11 N = 1.899 * Estimated by 2008 data 92
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Education, Training and Networking
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© Thomas Schøtt (and GERA for ite
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Contents Preface ..................
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skab i samfundet, både i Danmark o
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Figur B Entreprenørers ekspansivit
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Part 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Is en
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How is entrepreneurs’ innovativen
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ing years, in Denmark and in the ot
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The ex-owner-managers are those ans
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our survey counting new-business ow
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In this chapter, we shall examine e
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In short, although entrepreneurial
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- In Denmark, there is sufficient d
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Where is Denmark positioned compare
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- In Denmark, the markets for consu
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Table 4.24 Intellectual property ri
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The framework overall The framework
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provides ample opportunity (and, ty
Page 41 and 42: an arrow represents the magnitude o
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5.4 Plot of developed societ
Page 45 and 46: provided by a college or university
Page 47 and 48: Table 6.3 Training of people, durin
Page 49 and 50: Age and training Does training diff
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 7 People’s education, tra
Page 53 and 54: Table 7.4 Networking, by education
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 8 People’s vocation shape
Page 57 and 58: Table 8.4 Vocation of adults, by th
Page 60 and 61: Part 4 entrepreneurs Chapter 9 Entr
Page 62 and 63: Table 9.1 Education, by vocation Ad
Page 64 and 65: Table 9.7 Competency of entrepreneu
Page 66 and 67: Figure 9.2 Estimated effects among
Page 68 and 69: The response to each question can b
Page 70 and 71: Figure 10.2 Estimated effects upon
Page 72 and 73: entation, Table 11.1. Entrepreneurs
Page 74 and 75: ed by regression (Table 11.6 in the
Page 76 and 77: future. To measure such expectation
Page 78 and 79: Growth-expectations and competency
Page 80 and 81: Part 5 CONCLUSIONS Chapter 13 Expan
Page 82 and 83: Figure 13.1 People’s vocation aff
Page 84: Figure 13.2 Entrepreneurs’ expans
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.4 Linear regression of nati
Page 89 and 90: Table 7.9 Logistic regression of ad
Page 91: Table 8.9 Logistic regression of ad
Page 95 and 96: Table 12.6 Linear regression of gro
Page 98 and 99: Bibliography Ahmad, N., and A. Hoff
Page 100 and 101: myths. Paper for the 3 rd Internati
Page 102 and 103: sættere i netværk” In Freytag,
Page 104 and 105: National Teams in 2008 in Global En
Page 106 and 107: Team Institution National Team Memb
Page 112 and 113: 111
Page 114: Thomas Schøtt University of Southe
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