Education, Training and Networking for Entrepreneurship in ...

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Growth-expectations and competency Entrepreneurs’ growth-expectations are related to their competency to start a business, Table 12.4. Competent starters expect more expansion than starters without this competency (the p- values are less than 0.003 in both the one-sided chi-square test and the one-sided t-test). Competent owner-managers expect greater expansion than less competent owner-managers (the p-values are less than 0.0001 in both the onesided chi-square test and the one-sided t-test). Growth-expectations and networking Are entrepreneurs growth-expectations related to their networking with advisors? For starters, there is no evidence of an association. For owner-managers, the growth-expectation is higher for those with a large network than for those with a small network (the p-value is 0.02 for the one-sided t-test comparing the two means). The above cross-tabulations of expectation related to each condition are limited because they ignore other conditions that may impact the relation. Therefore, more elaborate analysis will be undertaken next. Effects upon growth-expectations from education, training, competency and networking The question now is: how is the expectation shaped by distinct effects from each condition, while holding the other conditions constant? The effects upon growth-expectations from education, training, competency and networking are estimated by regression (Table 12.6 in the Appendix). The effects for starters are rather uncertain, partly because the sample is rather small. The effects for owner-managers are more certain. Owner-managers’ growth-expectations are promoted considerably by their competency, by their networking and apparently also by their training. Owner-managers with vocational education, or short or medium higher education, or without vocational or high- Table 12.4 Growth-expectations of starters and owner-managers, by their competency Denmark 2003-08 Starters Owner-managers Competent Less competent Competent Less competent Expansion expected 77 % 58 % 38 % 20 % No expansion expected 23 % 42 % 62 % 80 % Sum 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Mean expectation 1.6 1.1 0.24 0.07 N entrepeneurs 316 50 1.245 272 Table 12.5 Growth-expectations of starters and owner-managers, by their networking with advisors Denmark 2008 Starters Owner-managers Small network Large network Small network Large network Expansion expected 86 % 95 % 30 % 35 % No expansion expected 14 % 5 % 70 % 65 % Sum 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Mean expectation 1.8 1.7 0.1 0.3 N entrepreneurs 14 20 61 49 77
er education have lower expectations than those with long higher education. In other words, those with long higher education have especially high expectations for growth. The effects among education, training, competency and networking with advisors were estimated in Chapter 9 (Figure 9.2), except the effects of education upon networking. These estimated effects upon owner-managers’ growth-expectations are shown in Figure 12.2, where a positive effect is drawn as a solid arrow, a negative effect is denoted by a dashed arrow, and the magnitude of an effect is shown by the thickness of the arrow. Figure 12.2 Estimated effects upon growth-expectations from education, training, competency and networking Owner-managers in Denmark Training Medium higher education Competency Short higher education Vocational education Networking Neither vocational nor higher education Growth expectations 78
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Education, Training and Networking
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© Thomas Schøtt (and GERA for ite
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Contents Preface ..................
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skab i samfundet, både i Danmark o
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Figur B Entreprenørers ekspansivit
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Part 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Is en
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How is entrepreneurs’ innovativen
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ing years, in Denmark and in the ot
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The ex-owner-managers are those ans
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our survey counting new-business ow
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In this chapter, we shall examine e
Page 27 and 28: In short, although entrepreneurial
Page 29 and 30: - In Denmark, there is sufficient d
Page 31 and 32: Where is Denmark positioned compare
Page 33 and 34: - In Denmark, the markets for consu
Page 35 and 36: Table 4.24 Intellectual property ri
Page 37 and 38: The framework overall The framework
Page 39 and 40: provides ample opportunity (and, ty
Page 41 and 42: an arrow represents the magnitude o
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5.4 Plot of developed societ
Page 45 and 46: provided by a college or university
Page 47 and 48: Table 6.3 Training of people, durin
Page 49 and 50: Age and training Does training diff
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 7 People’s education, tra
Page 53 and 54: Table 7.4 Networking, by education
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 8 People’s vocation shape
Page 57 and 58: Table 8.4 Vocation of adults, by th
Page 60 and 61: Part 4 entrepreneurs Chapter 9 Entr
Page 62 and 63: Table 9.1 Education, by vocation Ad
Page 64 and 65: Table 9.7 Competency of entrepreneu
Page 66 and 67: Figure 9.2 Estimated effects among
Page 68 and 69: The response to each question can b
Page 70 and 71: Figure 10.2 Estimated effects upon
Page 72 and 73: entation, Table 11.1. Entrepreneurs
Page 74 and 75: ed by regression (Table 11.6 in the
Page 76 and 77: future. To measure such expectation
Page 80 and 81: Part 5 CONCLUSIONS Chapter 13 Expan
Page 82 and 83: Figure 13.1 People’s vocation aff
Page 84: Figure 13.2 Entrepreneurs’ expans
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.4 Linear regression of nati
Page 89 and 90: Table 7.9 Logistic regression of ad
Page 91 and 92: Table 8.9 Logistic regression of ad
Page 93 and 94: very small. The estimated effects a
Page 95 and 96: Table 12.6 Linear regression of gro
Page 98 and 99: Bibliography Ahmad, N., and A. Hoff
Page 100 and 101: myths. Paper for the 3 rd Internati
Page 102 and 103: sættere i netværk” In Freytag,
Page 104 and 105: National Teams in 2008 in Global En
Page 106 and 107: Team Institution National Team Memb
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Page 114: Thomas Schøtt University of Southe
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