Education, Training and Networking for Entrepreneurship in ...

Chapter 11
Entrepreneurs’ exports expanded by education, training, competency and
networking
How is entrepreneurs’ exporting formed by their
learning? More specifically, this chapter addresses
the questions, What are the separate effects
upon export-orientation from education, from
training, from competency and from networking?
The idea of effects upon entrepreneurs’ exports
from their education, training, competency and
networking can be symbolized as a diagram
with sequences of arrows, Figure 11.1. Each arrow
here symbolizes a hypothesized effect. The
effect may be positive or negative, and of large
or small magnitude, or it might actually be nill.
The task then is to estimate each distinct effect,
preferably while other things are equal, and
specifically ascertain whether the effect is dif-
ferent from zero, positively or negatively, and to
estimate the magnitude of the effect. These effects
shall be estimated in this chapter.
Entrepreneurs’ education, training, competency
and advisory network were examined in Chapter
9, so here we focus on exports. Export-orientation
is measured by asking the starters and
owner-managers,
What proportion of your customers will normally
live outside your country? Is it more than
90%, more than 75%, more than 50%, more
than 25%, more than 10%, or 10% or less [or
none]?
Entrepreneurs differ greatly in their export-ori-
Figure 11.1
Hypothesized effects upon exporting from education, training, competency and networking
Training
Education
Competency
Networking
Exporting
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