Education, Training and Networking for Entrepreneurship in ...

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Table 9.1 Education, by vocation Adults in Denmark 2003-08 Entre- Non-entrepreneurs preneurs Vocational education 29 % 29 % Short higher education 9 % 9 % Medium higher educ. 22 % 24 % Long higher education 25 % 16 % Neither higher nor vocational education 15 % 22 % Sum 100 % 100 % N adults 3.537 16.397 competent to start a business than non-entrepreneurs, Table 9.3. (the difference is statistically highly significant, with probability-value Table 9.3 Competency, by vocation Adults in Denmark 2003-08 Entre- Non-entrepreneurs preneurs Competent 75 % 32 % Less competent 25 % 68 % Sum 100 % 100 % N adults 3.414 14.423 vocational education and those with long higher education. Entrepreneurs’ training Entrepreneurs are of course more frequently trained than non-entrepreneurs, Table 9.2 (the difference between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs is statisticially highly significant, with probability-value 0.0001 in a one-sided chisquare test). Training, for both entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs took place mainly later than schooling than during schooling. Indeed, few entrepreneurs were trained during their schooling. Almost as many of the non-entrepreneurs were trained during their schooling, so peoples’ vocational choice – to become an entrepreneur or not – has hardly been affected by whether or not they got training during their schooling. Entrepreneurs’ competency Entrepreneurs are of course more frequently Table 9.2 Training, by vocation Adults in Denmark 2008 Entre- Non-entrepreneurs preneurs Not trained 68 % 78 % Trained 32 % 22 % Sum 100 % 100 % N adults 310 1.702 Table 9.4 Entrepreneurs’ networking with advisors Starters and owner-managers in Denmark 2008 Entrepreneurs advised Spouse or life-partner 45 % Parents 19 % Other family 21 % Friends 50 % Current work-colleagues 49 % Earlier work-colleagues 32 % Current boss 27 % An earlier boss 18 % Someone in another country 23 % Someone starting a business 27 % Someone with much business experience 53 % Someone with expertise in what you do 61 % A researcher or inventor 13 % A possible investor 16 % A bank 29 % A lawyer 23 % An accountant 50 % A public advising service for business 18 % A firm you collaborate with 36 % A firm you compete with 17 % A supplier 34 % A customer 41 % Mean size of the network 7.0 N starters and owner-managers 234 61
less than 0.0001 in a one-sided chi-square test). By far most entrepreneurs are competent, and by far most non-entrepreneurs do not have this competency. Entrepreneurs’ networking with advisors Entrepreneurs network with a variety of advisors, Table 9.4. The entrepreneurs most frequently receive advice from someone with expertise in what the entrepreneur does, from someone with much business experience, from an accountant, and from friends. On average, the entrepreneurs receive advice from 7 kinds of advisors, but some entrepreneurs have much larger networks whereas other entrepreneurs have much smaller networks. higher education have less frequently than others been trained. This appears to be the one notable difference, but our sample is so small that the rather small differences are not statistically significant (the probability-value is 0.37 in the chi-square test). Entrepreneurs’ competency is related to their education, Table 9.6. Entrepreneurs with vocational or long higher education consider themselves competent more frequently than entrepreneurs who have neither vocational nor higher education, which is not surprising (educational groups differ we conclude with considerable statistical confidence, the probability-value is 0.0002 in a chi-square test). Relations among entrepreneurs’ education, training, competency and networking Entrepreneurs’ training appears related to their education, Table 9.5. Entrepreneurs with long Entrepreneurs’ competency also appears related to their training, Table 9.7. Trained entrepreneurs appear to be competent more often than untrained entrepreneurs, which is not surpris- Table 9.5 Training of entrepreneurs, by their education Entrepreneurs in Denmark 2008 Vocational Short further Medium further Long higher Neither education education education education vocational nor higher education Trained 35 % 33 % 34 % 21 % 35 % Untrained 65 % 67 % 66 % 79 % 65 % Sum 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % N entrepreneurs 69 39 76 70 51 Table 9.6 Competency of entrepreneurs, by their education Entrepreneurs in Denmark 2003-08 Vocational Short higher Medium higher Long higher Neither education education education education vocational nor higher education Competent 78 % 71 % 75 % 78 % 69 % Less competent 22 % 29 % 25 % 22 % 31 % Sum 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % N entrepreneurs 983 306 729 867 509 62
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Education, Training and Networking
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© Thomas Schøtt (and GERA for ite
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Contents Preface ..................
Page 9 and 10:
skab i samfundet, både i Danmark o
Page 11 and 12: Figur B Entreprenørers ekspansivit
Page 14 and 15: Part 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Is en
Page 16 and 17: How is entrepreneurs’ innovativen
Page 18: ing years, in Denmark and in the ot
Page 21 and 22: The ex-owner-managers are those ans
Page 23 and 24: our survey counting new-business ow
Page 25 and 26: In this chapter, we shall examine e
Page 27 and 28: In short, although entrepreneurial
Page 29 and 30: - In Denmark, there is sufficient d
Page 31 and 32: Where is Denmark positioned compare
Page 33 and 34: - In Denmark, the markets for consu
Page 35 and 36: Table 4.24 Intellectual property ri
Page 37 and 38: The framework overall The framework
Page 39 and 40: provides ample opportunity (and, ty
Page 41 and 42: an arrow represents the magnitude o
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5.4 Plot of developed societ
Page 45 and 46: provided by a college or university
Page 47 and 48: Table 6.3 Training of people, durin
Page 49 and 50: Age and training Does training diff
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 7 People’s education, tra
Page 53 and 54: Table 7.4 Networking, by education
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 8 People’s vocation shape
Page 57 and 58: Table 8.4 Vocation of adults, by th
Page 60 and 61: Part 4 entrepreneurs Chapter 9 Entr
Page 64 and 65: Table 9.7 Competency of entrepreneu
Page 66 and 67: Figure 9.2 Estimated effects among
Page 68 and 69: The response to each question can b
Page 70 and 71: Figure 10.2 Estimated effects upon
Page 72 and 73: entation, Table 11.1. Entrepreneurs
Page 74 and 75: ed by regression (Table 11.6 in the
Page 76 and 77: future. To measure such expectation
Page 78 and 79: Growth-expectations and competency
Page 80 and 81: Part 5 CONCLUSIONS Chapter 13 Expan
Page 82 and 83: Figure 13.1 People’s vocation aff
Page 84: Figure 13.2 Entrepreneurs’ expans
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.4 Linear regression of nati
Page 89 and 90: Table 7.9 Logistic regression of ad
Page 91 and 92: Table 8.9 Logistic regression of ad
Page 93 and 94: very small. The estimated effects a
Page 95 and 96: Table 12.6 Linear regression of gro
Page 98 and 99: Bibliography Ahmad, N., and A. Hoff
Page 100 and 101: myths. Paper for the 3 rd Internati
Page 102 and 103: sættere i netværk” In Freytag,
Page 104 and 105: National Teams in 2008 in Global En
Page 106 and 107: Team Institution National Team Memb
Page 112 and 113:
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Thomas Schøtt University of Southe
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