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East Asia and Western Pacific METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE

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2<br />

y<br />

-f -5<br />

* b*<br />

The numerical result is to some extent similar to those of Urge scale<br />

motion. The illustrations are oaitted for brevity<br />

303<br />

V. CONCLUSION<br />

The veritcal motion at the top of boundary layer over Mountains<br />

is affected by three factors, friction convergence, orographic forcing,<br />

<strong>and</strong> joint effect of both friction <strong>and</strong> orographic forcing. Numerical<br />

results show that these three factors are of the same order of<br />

importance. The position of the geostrophic jet stream relative to the<br />

major axis of an ellipsoid orography is also important in determining<br />

the distribution of vertical motion.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Atpert, P. amd I. Neuman. (1986), Horizontal components of the<br />

frictional flow in the a-coordinate system for mesometeorological flow<br />

model, Sixth conferice on Nnmerical feather Pridiction, Amer. Met.<br />

Soc., 310-312.<br />

Cebeci, T., <strong>and</strong> A. M. 0. Smith (1974), Analysis of turbulent boundary<br />

layer,, Academic Press. 404.<br />

Charney, J. G., <strong>and</strong> A. Eliassen (1949), A unmerical method for<br />

predicting the perturbation of the midlatitude westerlies, Tellus, 1<br />

30-54.<br />

Chen Qiushi (1979), The simplified equations <strong>and</strong> the phsical processes<br />

of the mountain effects on large scale motion in middle latitudes, Acta<br />

meteorological Sinea, 37, 88*102.<br />

Godev, N. (1983), Contribution of mutual effect of orographic <strong>and</strong><br />

nthermal inhomogeneous <strong>and</strong> surface friction to the generation of<br />

Mediteranean cyclones, WMQ Short- <strong>and</strong> medium range weather predictions<br />

research publication series, 3, 75-119.<br />

Haltiner, G. Jl <strong>and</strong> R. T. Williams. , Numerical prediction <strong>and</strong> dynamic<br />

meteorology, 2nd ed. John Wiley * Sons, 477(1980).<br />

Wu, R, <strong>and</strong> W. Blumen, An analysis of Ekman boundary layer dynamic<br />

incorporating the geostrophic momentum approximation, J. A. S. 3J,<br />

1774-1782(1982).<br />

Wu, R. The influences of orography upon the flow within Ekman boundary<br />

layer under the assumtion of geostrophic momentum, Adv. Atm, Sci. l f<br />

1-7(1985).<br />

Wu, R. Effects or-ography <strong>and</strong> air flow in Ekman boundary layer, Acta.<br />

Met. Scinlca, 47. 137-146(1989).

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