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<strong>in</strong>tellectual content of the <strong>in</strong>scription might be.” They concluded that it was not useful to separate the
<strong>in</strong>tellectual work of the text from the physical object or objects upon which it was <strong>in</strong>scribed.
With<strong>in</strong> InscriptiFact, the <strong>in</strong>tellectual work has been def<strong>in</strong>ed as the <strong>in</strong>scription with<strong>in</strong> the context of the
physical object where it was <strong>in</strong>scribed. S<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>in</strong>scriptions do not have expressions as def<strong>in</strong>ed by FRBR,
they used the Dubl<strong>in</strong> Core element relation to map relationships between the textual content of an
<strong>in</strong>scription and <strong>in</strong>stances of that archaeological/physical context. While the basic objects that are
delivered to users are digital images and would seem to correspond to FRBR items, Hunt et al. <strong>in</strong>sisted
that images of complicated objects (e.g., a plate of fragments) that can <strong>in</strong>clude multiple texts illustrates
that with <strong>in</strong>scriptions there can be a “many to many” relationship between works and items. Their f<strong>in</strong>al
approach was to separate catalog<strong>in</strong>g for the text (the <strong>in</strong>scription or work) from the images (the digital
objects or items) and to extend qualified Dubl<strong>in</strong> Core to “<strong>in</strong>clude an additional qualifier to denote
manifestation.”
In addition to federated databases and digital collections of <strong>in</strong>scriptions, there are a number of
reference tools now available onl<strong>in</strong>e that have been created to assist scholars <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>scriptions.
The CLAROS: Concordance of Greek Inscriptions 348 database provides access to a computerized
concordance of editions of ancient Greek <strong>in</strong>scriptions that have been published <strong>in</strong> the past 100 years.
The fifth edition, issued <strong>in</strong> 2006, <strong>in</strong>cludes more than “450,000 equivalences com<strong>in</strong>g from more than
750 collections.” This concordance provides limited l<strong>in</strong>ks between the results of bibliographic searches
with electronic versions of <strong>in</strong>scriptions <strong>in</strong> the Inscriptions of Aphrodisias, the Greek Epigraphy Project
of the PHI, and some texts from Egypt published <strong>in</strong> the Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri. A
full list of collections <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the concordance is provided as well as a list of abbreviations used for
classical and epigraphical publications. The sheer breadth of this database illustrates how many Greek
<strong>in</strong>scriptions have been published <strong>in</strong> multiple editions and the consequent challenges of <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g l<strong>in</strong>ks
to electronic versions of these <strong>in</strong>scriptions <strong>in</strong> other databases.
EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy Projects
The Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (ALA 2004) 349 website provides access to the electronic second
edition of “Aphrodisias <strong>in</strong> Late Antiquity: The Late Roman and Byzant<strong>in</strong>e Inscriptions” by Charlotte
Roueché of K<strong>in</strong>g’s College London. This website provides access to a second edition that has been
expanded and revised from the version published by the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies
<strong>in</strong> 1989. Charlotte Roueché (2009) has expla<strong>in</strong>ed the process of creat<strong>in</strong>g this website <strong>in</strong> detail and, as
noted by Cayless et al. (2009) earlier, po<strong>in</strong>ted out that <strong>in</strong>scriptions have two identities, both as a text
and as an “archaeological object with a context.” Despite this identity as a text, Roueché remarked that
<strong>in</strong>scribed texts had often been omitted from the literary canon. As an example, she noted that there
were two verse <strong>in</strong>scriptions from Aphrodisias on the same block, but only one was quoted <strong>in</strong> the Greek
Anthology and thus ended up <strong>in</strong> the TLG; the other never entered the literary tradition.
While ALA (2004) <strong>in</strong>cludes about 2,000 <strong>in</strong>scriptions, Roueché stressed that the sheer scale of
<strong>in</strong>scriptions almost necessitates electronic publication. She reported that she was <strong>in</strong>troduced to EpiDoc
by her colleagues Tom Elliott and Charles Crowther and thus felt that one important question to
consider was how to br<strong>in</strong>g together doma<strong>in</strong> specialists with the technical experts that can help them. 350
348 http://www.dge.filol.csic.es/claros/cnc/2cnc.htm
349 http://<strong>in</strong>saph.kcl.ac.uk/ala2004/<strong>in</strong>dex.html
350 For a brief look at some earlier work done to br<strong>in</strong>g together epigraphers and technical specialists <strong>in</strong> order to help design better tools for use with
EpiDoc, see Cayless (2003).