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121 documents <strong>in</strong> the sphere of historic book resources (manuscripts, <strong>in</strong>cunabula, early pr<strong>in</strong>ted books, maps, charters and other types of documents).” 390 Manuscriptorium provides access to more than 5 million digital images from dozens of European as well as several Asian libraries and museums. Extensive multil<strong>in</strong>gual access is provided to this collection (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g English, French, German, and Spanish). In addition to multil<strong>in</strong>gual searches, a translation tool provided by Systran can be used to translate manuscript descriptions from one language to another. This rich multil<strong>in</strong>gual environment <strong>in</strong>cludes both modern and ancient languages, and this has had led to complicated transcription issues s<strong>in</strong>ce the collection <strong>in</strong>cludes Old Slavonic, Greek, Arabic, Persian, and various Indian languages. The Manuscriptorium collection can be searched by document identification or document orig<strong>in</strong>, and provides both easy and advanced search <strong>in</strong>terfaces. The former allows a user to search for documents by location, keyword, time frame, responsible person or associated name, or, for those documents with a digital facsimile, full-text transcription, edition, or transliteration. The advanced search offers multiple keyword entry <strong>in</strong> the fields (shelf-mark, text anywhere, country, settlement, and library). A user search br<strong>in</strong>gs up a list of relevant manuscripts, and each manuscript description <strong>in</strong>cludes full bibliographic <strong>in</strong>formation, a physical description, and a l<strong>in</strong>k to a full digital facsimile (when available). Open<strong>in</strong>g a digital facsimile launches a separate image viewer for exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the images of the facsimile that are available. Knoll et al. (2009) have provided some further explanation of the history, technical design, and goals of the Manuscriptorium project. It began as the Czech Manuscriptorium Digital Library <strong>in</strong> 2002 and through the ENRICH project 391 was expanded to provide seamless access to data about and digital images of manuscripts from numerous European <strong>in</strong>stitutions. Manuscriptorium supports harvest<strong>in</strong>g via OAI for exist<strong>in</strong>g digital collections of manuscripts and has also created tools to allow participat<strong>in</strong>g organizations that simply wish to create their digital library as part of the larger Manuscriptorium to create compliant data. The development of Manuscriptorium has <strong>in</strong>volved the creation of technical and legal agreements that have also evolved over time. The early standard used <strong>in</strong> manuscript description was the MASTER DTD 392 and participat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the project required that partners provide detailed technical descriptions about their manuscript images as well as a “framework for mapp<strong>in</strong>g the document structure with references to images.” Under the auspices of the ENRICH program, the Manuscriptorium project realized that a new, more robust DTD would be necessary. This was a complicated process as they sought to harvest data created from two very different approaches to manuscript description—that of the library community (MARC) and that of researchers and text encoders (TEI): In the so-called catalogue or bibliographic segment, there are certa<strong>in</strong> description granularity problems when convert<strong>in</strong>g metadata from MASTER (TEI P.4) to MARC, while vice versa is not problematic. On the other hand, TEI offers much more flexibility and analytical depth even <strong>in</strong> the description segment and, furthermore, be<strong>in</strong>g a part of a complex document format, it also provides space for structural mapp<strong>in</strong>g (Knoll et al 2009). S<strong>in</strong>ce two major goals of the ENRICH project were to support data <strong>in</strong>terchange and shar<strong>in</strong>g as well as data storage, Oxford University Computer Services led the development of both a new, TEI P5- 390 http://beta.manuscriptorium.com/ 391 The recently concluded ENRICH project (funded under the European Union eContent + progamme) provided fund<strong>in</strong>g to expand Manuscriptorium to serve as a digital library platform “to create seamless access to distributed <strong>in</strong>formation about manuscripts and rare old pr<strong>in</strong>ted books.” http://enrich.manuscriptorium.com/ 392 http://digit.nkp.cz/MMSB/1.1/msnkaip.xsd
122 compliant DTD and schema. 393 It was decided that TEI not only supported all the requirements of manuscript description but also provided a common format for structural mapp<strong>in</strong>g and would be able to accommodate all <strong>in</strong>com<strong>in</strong>g levels of manuscript granularity. All exist<strong>in</strong>g documents <strong>in</strong> the digital library thus had to be migrated from the orig<strong>in</strong>al masterx.dtd to the new one created, and all documents that are harvested or added directly must conform to it as well. The basic image-access format used with<strong>in</strong> Manuscriptorium is JPEG, but it also supports GIF and PNG. Nonetheless, one major challenge <strong>in</strong> data <strong>in</strong>tegration, Knoll et al. reported, was that many <strong>in</strong>dividual libraries chose to provide access to images of their manuscripts through multipage image files such as PDF or DjVu rather than through XML-based structural mapp<strong>in</strong>g. S<strong>in</strong>ce this k<strong>in</strong>d of access did not support the manipulation of manuscript pages as <strong>in</strong>dividual digital objects, all participat<strong>in</strong>g libraries were required to convert such files <strong>in</strong>to <strong>in</strong>dividual JPEG images for each manuscript page. As Knoll et al. expla<strong>in</strong>ed: The goal of Manuscriptorium is to use its own <strong>in</strong>terface for representation of any document from any partner digital library or repository. Thus, the central database must conta<strong>in</strong> not only descriptions of such documents—manuscripts or rare old pr<strong>in</strong>ts—but also their structural maps with references (<strong>in</strong>dividual URLs) to concrete image files. As the users wishes to consult the concrete files, they are called <strong>in</strong>to the uniform Manuscriptorium viewer from anywhere they are so that the user enjoys seamless access without navigat<strong>in</strong>g to remote digital libraries or presentations (Knoll et al. 2009). The ability to provide a seamless po<strong>in</strong>t of access to distributed collections of digital objects—<strong>in</strong> effect to create a virtual user experience—was also cited as important by the CLAROS, LaQuAT, and TextGrid projects. In the end, an ideal partner for Manuscriptorium, as described by Knoll et al., is one whose collection can be harvested by OAI and where each manuscript profile conta<strong>in</strong>s both a descriptive record and a structural map with l<strong>in</strong>ks to any images. While harvest<strong>in</strong>g and transform<strong>in</strong>g descriptive records was fairly simple, Knoll et al. reported that harvest<strong>in</strong>g structural mapp<strong>in</strong>gs was far more problematic. Two tools have also been created to allow content providers to easily create the structured digital documents required by Manuscriptorium. The first tool, M-Tool, supports both the manual entry and creation of new metadata so it can be used either to create new manuscript records with<strong>in</strong> Manuscriptorium or to edit exist<strong>in</strong>g ones for import. The second tool, M-Can, was created for upload<strong>in</strong>g and evaluat<strong>in</strong>g manuscript records (Marek 2009). One of the most <strong>in</strong>novative features of Manuscriptorium is that it supports the creation of personal digital libraries. Users who register (as well as content providers) can “build their own virtual libraries from the aggregated content” and thus organize content <strong>in</strong>to static personal collections or dynamic collections (based off of a query so the collection automatically updates based on your query terms). Even more important, users can create “virtual documents” that can be shared with other users. These documents can be created through the use of the M-Tool application. These virtual documents are particularly <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g for they can be composed of parts of different physical documents (<strong>in</strong>dividual page images from different manuscripts can be saved with notes from the user), and <strong>in</strong> one example they give, “<strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g illum<strong>in</strong>ations from manuscripts of a certa<strong>in</strong> period” could be selected and “bound” <strong>in</strong>to a new virtual document.” 394 Images from other external URLs can be <strong>in</strong>serted <strong>in</strong>to these 393 http://tei.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ENRICH/ODD/RomaResults/enrich.dtd and http://tei.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ENRICH/ODD/RomaResults/enrich.xsd 394 For more on the creation of personal collections and virtual documents, see http://beta.manuscriptorium.com/apps/ma<strong>in</strong>/docs/mns_20_pdlib_help_eng.pdf
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"Rome Wasn
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ii ISBN 978-1-932326-38-3 CLIR Publ
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iv EpiDoc-Based Digital Epigraphy P
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vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alison Babeu ha
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viii PBW PCA PDB PDL PHI PLANETS PN
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x pursuit of knowledge about the an
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2 and intellectual
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4 associations to work together, an
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6 briefly explore issues that are n
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8 for English translations of Greek
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10 is created of the entire bibliog
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12 directory of more than 2,100 cat
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14 generated by the decision tree p
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16 The image-registration algorithm
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18 Schibel and Rydberg-Cox argued t
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20 information ret
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22 In ancient manuscripts, Sanskrit
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24 algorithms; ins
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26 Markov Models (MEMM) 82 and outp
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28 One major project to recently em
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30 developed a cuneiform sign reper
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32 and prayers), and edited texts a
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34 Digital critical editions, howev
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36 While these requirements may see
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38 many discrete texts, in<
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40 examine how l<s
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42 The second fact that Rob
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44 “multimedia scholarly editions
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46 different apparatuses. In Bosche
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48 individual text
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50 In these cases we must provide a
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52 First, it utilizes a nearest nei
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54 entirely pre-searched for each l
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56 As this research in</str
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58 the inscription
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60 Text Min<strong
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62 This manual analysis provided a
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64 As illustrated by this def<stron
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66 archaeology as a discipl
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68 funded with public money <strong
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Page 93 and 94: 82 computer science can make it pos
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Page 101 and 102: 90 This challenge of not just digit
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Page 109 and 110: 98 step, because epigraphic texts s
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Page 113 and 114: 102 and squeezes as well as a selec
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Page 117 and 118: 106 To begin this
Page 119 and 120: 108 better set the in</stro
Page 121 and 122: 110 Another related project that ha
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Page 125 and 126: 114 names in texts
Page 127 and 128: 116 and Manuscripts (VRE-SDM) 378 s
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Page 135 and 136: 124 While the advanced document-rec
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Page 139 and 140: 128 compelled to operate in
Page 141 and 142: 130 Cayless thus developed a method
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Page 167 and 168: 156 The conclusion drawn from this
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Page 179 and 180: 168 ancient historians. Network ana
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172 “apparently disconnected and
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174 sources used and their abbrevia
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176 resources, inc
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178 materials could be found, a rec
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180 or more documents (69 percent)
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182 This work tends to focus on des
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184 A related poin
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186 “infer user
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188 accessed; few providers, if any
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190 information so
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192 features. In addition, while pa
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194 postdoctoral students, who were
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196 computers by ancient historians
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198 Demos (a growin</strong
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200 database of this encyclopedia c
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202 academia.” At the same time,
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204 granted their views of the pote
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206 science and use ICT occasionall
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208 also declared that the m<strong
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210 were exceptionally diverse, as
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214 tradition of European literatur
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216 the related MILARQ project, 649
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218 initial fund<s
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220 SPQR—Supportin</stron
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222 environments in</strong
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226 methods,” Cohen et al. expla<
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228 One might have presumed that ou
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230 This lack of deeper understand<
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232 expertise, tools, experience, a
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234 All link<stron
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236 of architecture, tools and serv
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238 reported that eSAD was develop<
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240 semantic tools that would make
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242 Sustainable Pr
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244 A recent ARL report that explor
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246 organizations and fundi
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248 throughout this review, i.e., o
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250 commercial providers. At the sa
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252 representations beyond the bord
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254 such as Vindol
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256 that the question of in
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260 resources and technology overvi
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264 support the main</stron
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266 Interoperability”). 763 The m
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268 as the point o
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270 This architecture makes it easy
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272 [Aschenbrenner et al. 2008]. As
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274 Editions.” Advances i
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276 [Bodard et al. 2009]. Bodard, G
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278 [Bulger et al. 2011]. Bulger, M
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280 [Choudhury and Stin</st
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282 [Crane et al. 2009a]. Crane, Gr
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284 [Dué and Ebbott 2009]. Dué, C
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286 [Flaten 2009]. Flaten, Arne R.
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288 [Hardwick 2000]. Hardwick, Lorn
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290 Conference on E-Science Worksho
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292 [Lockyear 2007]. Lockyear, Kris
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294 Cambridge, MA: Association for
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296 [Ntzios et al. 2007]. Ntzios, K
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298 [Reddy and Crane 2006]. Reddy,
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300 [Rydberg-Cox 2009]. Rydberg-Cox
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302 [Smith 2010]. Smith, D. Neel.
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304 and the Canadian Academic Commu
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306 [Wallom et al. 2009]. Wallom, D
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