OECD Peer Review of E-Government in Denmark - ePractice.eu

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FOREWORD OECD governments are increasingly focusing on the question of how the use of ICT in the public sector can help them do their job better. Today, e-government is clearly more about government than about “e”. This report is one in a series of country reviews undertaken by the OECD to analyse the successes and challenges of e-government in a national context, and to make proposals for action that can help countries improve their e-government efforts. By placing e-government in the context of national public management reform and good governance initiatives, these reviews help countries identify how e-government can best support overall government objectives and performance. With backing from the Danish Government (Ministry of Finance), the OECD E-Government Project has conducted this country study of e-government to assess how Denmark’s e-government strategies and solutions contribute, and could contribute in the future, to its objectives in the information age. The report was completed in September 2005. It draws on a survey of Danish State and local government organisations, extensive review of information about public management and e-government in Denmark, and a series of interviews with Danish officials and other commentators. The report was drafted with the participation of peer reviewers from the governments of Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden. These e-government practitioners played an invaluable role by participating in interviews and contributing to drafting of the report. The analytical framework for the report is based on the OECD synthesis reports “The E-Government Imperative” (2003) and “E-Government for Better Government” (2005). The review was carried out under the auspices of the OECD Network of Senior E-Government Officials, who considered its main findings as part of the work programme of the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate (GOV). Under the leadership of Edwin Lau and Christian Vergez, the review was managed by Russell Craig who was heavily supported in preparation of the report by Marco Daglio, and assisted by Erika Nilsson. Special acknowledgements are due to the three peer reviewers: Peter Reichstädter (Austria), Gustaf Johnssén (Sweden), and Kees Keuzenkamp (the Netherlands). Thanks are also due to: Carsten Loesch and Kim Knudsen of the Danish government; Melissa Peerless and Jude Hanan who helped to review and edit the report; all the other members of the E-Government Project team; and Claude Jacqmin and Marie Murphy. Without the support of all these people, and the many people in Denmark who participated in the survey and met with the review team, this report would not exist. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSALS FOR ACTION ..............................................6 I. E-GOVERNMENT CONTEXT AND STRUCTURE.........................................................27 II. III. E-government context..............................................................................................................28 Government policy and leadership.......................................................................................28 Public sector structure and management ..............................................................................28 Economy and society............................................................................................................29 The Structural Reform .............................................................................................................30 Top-level organisation of e-government..................................................................................31 Project e-Government...........................................................................................................32 The Digital Task Force.........................................................................................................33 IT-Policy Centre...................................................................................................................33 Other bodies .........................................................................................................................33 THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT..............................................................................36 E-government policy context ...................................................................................................36 Public sector modernisation .................................................................................................36 Government ICT policy........................................................................................................37 Improving public sector efficiency.......................................................................................38 EXTERNAL BARRIERS.................................................................................................41 Legislative and regulatory environment...................................................................................42 Data protection .....................................................................................................................46 Budgetary barriers to e-government.........................................................................................48 Budgetary environment ........................................................................................................48 Types of budgetary barriers..................................................................................................48 Special funds for e-government............................................................................................51 Technological environment......................................................................................................52 ICT usage .............................................................................................................................53 Technological challenges .....................................................................................................54 Digital divide............................................................................................................................55 APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 3: INFORMATION SOCIETY AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE...58 IV. PLANNING AND LEADERSHIP........................................................................................64 The e-government vision and strategy .....................................................................................64 Implementation of the strategy.................................................................................................66 Organisational response to the e-government strategy ............................................................69 Political leadership of e-government .......................................................................................71 Administrative leadership ........................................................................................................72 Organisational Leadership .......................................................................................................75 V. ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE .....................................................................................78 E-government and the Structural Reform ................................................................................78 2
Page 1: OECD PEER REVIEW OF E-GOVERNMENT IN
Page 5 and 6: ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL AND
Page 7 and 8: OECD PEER REVIEW OF E-GOVERNMENT IN
Page 9 and 10: While it is vital that the Governme
Page 11 and 12: Finance and the MVTU following thes
Page 13 and 14: this challenge was frequently menti
Page 15 and 16: Alongside the problem of the reliab
Page 17 and 18: In terms of its impact on organisat
Page 19 and 20: and businesses. While it is not cer
Page 21 and 22: considerable strategic importance t
Page 23 and 24: government organisations are aware
Page 25 and 26: 8. Monitoring and evaluation Denmar
Page 27 and 28: Abstract There is a favourable envi
Page 29 and 30: E-government context Government pol
Page 31 and 32: The Structural Reform Between 2005
Page 33 and 34: administrative procedures. The find
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.2 E-government structure a
Page 37 and 38: II. THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT Denma
Page 39 and 40: • Creation of a competitive marke
Page 41 and 42: Abstract Government organisations c
Page 43 and 44: Source: OECD E-Government Survey: D
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.2 Legislative and regulato
Page 47 and 48: modernisation process, especially i
Page 49 and 50: and the generally high level of tru
Page 51 and 52: fund it has created providing a tot
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outright barriers. The clearest evi
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Figure 3.5 Use of public digital se
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• Employment status: students and
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APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 3: INFORMATION
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Figure 3.A.4 ICT usage among Danish
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Figure 3.A.8 Internet access among
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IV. PLANNING AND LEADERSHIP The e-g
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The strategy notes that Denmark is
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exchanged electronically. This is e
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with even lower rankings for driver
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involvement in e-government therefo
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In addition to support for the Join
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Figure 4.5 Responsibility for desig
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V. ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE This chapt
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Structural Reform and e-government
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The Task Force has initiated a proj
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Figure 5.2 Share of documents recei
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Box 5.1 Improving middle management
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Abstract Collaboration is relativel
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Co-ordination of e-government polic
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Box 6.1 Key e-government co-ordinat
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The CRS encompasses a number of reg
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Digital signatures are now being wi
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Denmark - something that could be a
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Staffed by employees from the Digit
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The additional workload is connecte
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such a framework be designed; and 3
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schemas used in different areas of
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• Changing conditions in the publ
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municipalities, which might otherwi
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The current situation has evolved o
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Figure 6.6 Impacts of partnerships
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Source: OECD E-government Survey: D
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Abstract The Danish vision for e-go
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Figure 7.1 Drivers of e-government
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• To ensure internal knowledge of
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• The lack of information and the
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Figure 7.2 Source and type of e-gov
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Figure 7.4 Constraints on demand fo
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When asked about the level of impor
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eing for one group or another (e.g.
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Figure 7.8 Use of electronic delive
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The national portal www.denmark.dk
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identification of the relationship
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Abstract At the all-of-government l
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• At least 60 percent of all publ
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External audit Another important el
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can have impacts: 1) “service cha
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Figure 8.4 Responsibilities for mon
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CASE STUDY 1: STANDARDS-BASED E-GOV
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pharmacies (e.g. referrals and disc
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Danish approach of flexible decentr
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CASE STUDY 2: ACHIEVING E-GOVERNMEN
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Estimation of benefits for both eDa
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ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL AND
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ANNEX B: INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT AND
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Administrative environment Organisa
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Other State government responsibili
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− Models to support inter-organis
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ICT usage As discussed in Chapter 3
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Promotion of IT Research and Educat
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other reforms. The plan identified
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Overall, these action plans were su
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E-mail addresses for everyone Anoth
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had developed extensive practical k
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ANNEX E: METHODOLOGY Definition of
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The survey asked State and local go
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ANNEX F: GLOSSARY This glossary was
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Agency for Governmenta
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Ministry of Science, Technology and
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Statistics Denmark (2004b), Nyt fra
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