OECD Peer Review of E-Government in Denmark - ePractice.eu

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projects release resources for other uses by 2006. This goal is notable among OECD countries because it makes explicit the need for e-government to deliver financial benefits, and seeks to measure and capture these benefits. Improved efficiency is also a strong driver of the Structural Reform. Again, there is an expectation that e-government will enable better use of public resources, through both improved economies of scale arising from the consolidation of counties and of municipalities, and improvements to the operating procedures of government organisations. In the case of both the e-government strategy and the Structural Reform, it is important that the efficiency benefits that have been targeted are actually realised. Measurement is important; the setting of measurable goals and the process of measuring them provide incentives for government organisations to generate the desired efficiencies, and the results and background information needed to inform further efforts. However, measurement must be accompanied by a strong ex ante logic for organisations to invest time, money and human resources in e-government initiatives. It is not sufficient to assume that, as a general rule, investing in e-government will automatically lead to ex post gains in efficiency. Doing so could lead to both unrealistic expectations of what organisations can achieve and creation of negative incentives for them to pursue e-government, especially if there is a risk of being held accountable for achievement of unrealisable goals. In addition to highlighting the importance of basing e-government initiatives on strong business cases that identify realistically achievable benefits (something that is increasingly understood in Denmark), it is also important that the focus on the benefits of e-government encompasses both gains in public sector efficiency and effectiveness, and broader tangible and intangible benefits for Danish society and the economy. If not, many worthwhile e-government initiatives could fail to be implemented, and/or poorly conceived ones may unadvisedly proceed. Key point 2.1 E-government in Denmark is not pursued as an end in itself. Instead, the national e-government programme is linked to other government policies, the three most significant of which are: 1) public sector modernisation; 2) government ICT policy; and 3) improving the efficiency of the public sector. The linkage between e-government and ICT policy is the longest standing and most widely understood. The link with public sector modernisation is more recent, and currently less well understood. Improving public sector efficiency provides a strong policy driver for e-government, being an area where explicit objectives have been set and measures of achievement put in place. Going forward, it is important that these objectives are realistically achievable, and are based on capturing not only gains in efficiency but also other benefits that can arise from e-government. 39
Abstract Government organisations can face a range of external barriers to their ability to implement e-government. In Denmark, much effort has been put into modernising the legal environment for e-government. In this area, the main barriers now appear to relate to organisations ability to interpret and apply the new e-enabled legislative and regulatory framework. Budgetary barriers can also impede e-government. Danish organisations report difficulties in this area, but it appears that the budgetary environment is relatively flexible, and the more work in this are will help further reduce barriers. The small Danish digital divide presents the least barrier to e-government, but also the greatest potential opportunity if government moves to close the remaining divide as far as possible. 40
Page 1 and 2: OECD PEER REVIEW OF E-GOVERNMENT IN
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ASSESSMEN
Page 5 and 6: ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL AND
Page 7 and 8: OECD PEER REVIEW OF E-GOVERNMENT IN
Page 9 and 10: While it is vital that the Governme
Page 11 and 12: Finance and the MVTU following thes
Page 13 and 14: this challenge was frequently menti
Page 15 and 16: Alongside the problem of the reliab
Page 17 and 18: In terms of its impact on organisat
Page 19 and 20: and businesses. While it is not cer
Page 21 and 22: considerable strategic importance t
Page 23 and 24: government organisations are aware
Page 25 and 26: 8. Monitoring and evaluation Denmar
Page 27 and 28: Abstract There is a favourable envi
Page 29 and 30: E-government context Government pol
Page 31 and 32: The Structural Reform Between 2005
Page 33 and 34: administrative procedures. The find
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.2 E-government structure a
Page 37 and 38: II. THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT Denma
Page 39: • Creation of a competitive marke
Page 43 and 44: Source: OECD E-Government Survey: D
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.2 Legislative and regulato
Page 47 and 48: modernisation process, especially i
Page 49 and 50: and the generally high level of tru
Page 51 and 52: fund it has created providing a tot
Page 53 and 54: outright barriers. The clearest evi
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.5 Use of public digital se
Page 57 and 58: • Employment status: students and
Page 59 and 60: APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 3: INFORMATION
Page 61 and 62: Figure 3.A.4 ICT usage among Danish
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.A.8 Internet access among
Page 65 and 66: IV. PLANNING AND LEADERSHIP The e-g
Page 67 and 68: The strategy notes that Denmark is
Page 69 and 70: exchanged electronically. This is e
Page 71 and 72: with even lower rankings for driver
Page 73 and 74: involvement in e-government therefo
Page 75 and 76: In addition to support for the Join
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.5 Responsibility for desig
Page 79 and 80: V. ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE This chapt
Page 81 and 82: Structural Reform and e-government
Page 83 and 84: The Task Force has initiated a proj
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2 Share of documents recei
Page 87 and 88: Box 5.1 Improving middle management
Page 89 and 90: Abstract Collaboration is relativel
Page 91 and 92:
Co-ordination of e-government polic
Page 93 and 94:
Box 6.1 Key e-government co-ordinat
Page 95 and 96:
The CRS encompasses a number of reg
Page 97 and 98:
Digital signatures are now being wi
Page 99 and 100:
Denmark - something that could be a
Page 101 and 102:
Staffed by employees from the Digit
Page 103 and 104:
The additional workload is connecte
Page 105 and 106:
such a framework be designed; and 3
Page 107 and 108:
schemas used in different areas of
Page 109 and 110:
• Changing conditions in the publ
Page 111 and 112:
municipalities, which might otherwi
Page 113 and 114:
The current situation has evolved o
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 6.6 Impacts of partnerships
Page 117 and 118:
Source: OECD E-government Survey: D
Page 119 and 120:
Abstract The Danish vision for e-go
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 7.1 Drivers of e-government
Page 123 and 124:
• To ensure internal knowledge of
Page 125 and 126:
• The lack of information and the
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 7.2 Source and type of e-gov
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 7.4 Constraints on demand fo
Page 131 and 132:
When asked about the level of impor
Page 133 and 134:
eing for one group or another (e.g.
Page 135 and 136:
Figure 7.8 Use of electronic delive
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The national portal www.denmark.dk
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identification of the relationship
Page 141 and 142:
Abstract At the all-of-government l
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• At least 60 percent of all publ
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External audit Another important el
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can have impacts: 1) “service cha
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 8.4 Responsibilities for mon
Page 151 and 152:
CASE STUDY 1: STANDARDS-BASED E-GOV
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pharmacies (e.g. referrals and disc
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Danish approach of flexible decentr
Page 157 and 158:
CASE STUDY 2: ACHIEVING E-GOVERNMEN
Page 159 and 160:
Estimation of benefits for both eDa
Page 161 and 162:
ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL AND
Page 163 and 164:
ANNEX B: INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT AND
Page 165 and 166:
Administrative environment Organisa
Page 167 and 168:
Other State government responsibili
Page 169 and 170:
− Models to support inter-organis
Page 171 and 172:
ICT usage As discussed in Chapter 3
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Promotion of IT Research and Educat
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other reforms. The plan identified
Page 177 and 178:
Overall, these action plans were su
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E-mail addresses for everyone Anoth
Page 181 and 182:
had developed extensive practical k
Page 183 and 184:
ANNEX E: METHODOLOGY Definition of
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The survey asked State and local go
Page 187 and 188:
ANNEX F: GLOSSARY This glossary was
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Agency for Governmenta
Page 191 and 192:
Ministry of Science, Technology and
Page 193:
Statistics Denmark (2004b), Nyt fra
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