OECD Peer Review of E-Government in Denmark - ePractice.eu

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Abstract Denmark has been successful in both developing a vision for e-government that encompasses the whole of the public sector, and in translating it into a well-defined strategy which is known across government and provides an important driver for e-government implementation. The strategy notes that Denmark is in a good position to develop e-government, having a well-developed “network society”, high levels of Internet usage and a well-developed ICT infrastructure in place in the public sector. It warns, however, that the Danish public sector does not yet adequately meet the needs of citizens, and that more focused effort is required to make sure that the benefits of e-government are fully realised. The strategy is supported by good leadership, and co-ordination mechanisms. Organisations generally approve of the strategy and arrangements for its implementation, and are responding well to it through their own e-government initiatives. 63
IV. PLANNING AND LEADERSHIP The e-government vision and strategy Denmark has been successful in both developing a vision for e-government that encompasses the whole of the public sector, and in translating it into a well-defined strategy which is known across government and provides an important driver for e-government implementation. Although a strategy called Get Going with e-Government was initiated by the Ministry of Research and Information Technology in 1997, most people involved with e-government tend to focus on the strategies introduced under the leadership of the Joint Board of e-Government since 2001. However, it is worth noting that the concepts and goals embodied in the current e-government strategy are quite consistent with those introduced in the 1997 strategy. This reflects the strong overall consistency and evolutionary approach to e-government that Denmark has taken since the 1990s. The relative stability that this has created for government organisations charged with implementing e-government stands in contrast to the situation in some other OECD countries, and has undoubtedly been a positive factor in Denmark’s strong progress with e-government. The current strategy, introduced in 2002 and due to run to the end of 2006, is the guiding force behind Project e-Government. It was revised in 2004 following a review led by the Digital Task Force which identified a number of challenges and obstacles faced by e-government. These issues included: 1) a lack of familiarity with the e-government vision and strategy among government organisations; 2) a widespread “bunker” (silo) culture in government; 3) issues around allocation of e-government costs and benefits; 4) a lack of managerial commitment and skills; 5) unclear roles and responsibilities; and 6) too much emphasis on technical rather than organisational aspects of e-government. In addressing these obstacles through the revised strategy, the Joint Board took a conscious decision to shift from “soft” to “strong” co-ordination as the overall approach to implementation of the e-government strategy. This shift has led to: • More pressure being placed on organisations to align themselves with the strategy. • More robust evaluation of proposals for e-government projects. • Requirements that State ministries develop ICT strategies encompassing all their departments, agencies and other sub-bodies. • Contemplation of increased centralisation of some aspects of government use of ICT. Overall, the approach to implementing e-government moved away from exhortation and example towards a more action- and results-oriented strategy. Three key features of the current e-government strategy are: 1) its relationship to wider government policies; 2) the involvement of all tiers of government in the governance, development, and implementation of the strategy; and 3) the partnership between two strong ministries with complementary roles and expertise in support of the strategy. 64
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OECD PEER REVIEW OF E-GOVERNMENT IN
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ASSESSMEN
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ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL AND
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OECD PEER REVIEW OF E-GOVERNMENT IN
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While it is vital that the Governme
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Finance and the MVTU following thes
Page 13 and 14: this challenge was frequently menti
Page 15 and 16: Alongside the problem of the reliab
Page 17 and 18: In terms of its impact on organisat
Page 19 and 20: and businesses. While it is not cer
Page 21 and 22: considerable strategic importance t
Page 23 and 24: government organisations are aware
Page 25 and 26: 8. Monitoring and evaluation Denmar
Page 27 and 28: Abstract There is a favourable envi
Page 29 and 30: E-government context Government pol
Page 31 and 32: The Structural Reform Between 2005
Page 33 and 34: administrative procedures. The find
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.2 E-government structure a
Page 37 and 38: II. THE CASE FOR E-GOVERNMENT Denma
Page 39 and 40: • Creation of a competitive marke
Page 41 and 42: Abstract Government organisations c
Page 43 and 44: Source: OECD E-Government Survey: D
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.2 Legislative and regulato
Page 47 and 48: modernisation process, especially i
Page 49 and 50: and the generally high level of tru
Page 51 and 52: fund it has created providing a tot
Page 53 and 54: outright barriers. The clearest evi
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.5 Use of public digital se
Page 57 and 58: • Employment status: students and
Page 59 and 60: APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 3: INFORMATION
Page 61 and 62: Figure 3.A.4 ICT usage among Danish
Page 63: Figure 3.A.8 Internet access among
Page 67 and 68: The strategy notes that Denmark is
Page 69 and 70: exchanged electronically. This is e
Page 71 and 72: with even lower rankings for driver
Page 73 and 74: involvement in e-government therefo
Page 75 and 76: In addition to support for the Join
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.5 Responsibility for desig
Page 79 and 80: V. ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE This chapt
Page 81 and 82: Structural Reform and e-government
Page 83 and 84: The Task Force has initiated a proj
Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2 Share of documents recei
Page 87 and 88: Box 5.1 Improving middle management
Page 89 and 90: Abstract Collaboration is relativel
Page 91 and 92: Co-ordination of e-government polic
Page 93 and 94: Box 6.1 Key e-government co-ordinat
Page 95 and 96: The CRS encompasses a number of reg
Page 97 and 98: Digital signatures are now being wi
Page 99 and 100: Denmark - something that could be a
Page 101 and 102: Staffed by employees from the Digit
Page 103 and 104: The additional workload is connecte
Page 105 and 106: such a framework be designed; and 3
Page 107 and 108: schemas used in different areas of
Page 109 and 110: • Changing conditions in the publ
Page 111 and 112: municipalities, which might otherwi
Page 113 and 114: The current situation has evolved o
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Figure 6.6 Impacts of partnerships
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Source: OECD E-government Survey: D
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Abstract The Danish vision for e-go
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Figure 7.1 Drivers of e-government
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• To ensure internal knowledge of
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• The lack of information and the
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Figure 7.2 Source and type of e-gov
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Figure 7.4 Constraints on demand fo
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When asked about the level of impor
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eing for one group or another (e.g.
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Figure 7.8 Use of electronic delive
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The national portal www.denmark.dk
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identification of the relationship
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Abstract At the all-of-government l
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• At least 60 percent of all publ
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External audit Another important el
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can have impacts: 1) “service cha
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Figure 8.4 Responsibilities for mon
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CASE STUDY 1: STANDARDS-BASED E-GOV
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pharmacies (e.g. referrals and disc
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Danish approach of flexible decentr
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CASE STUDY 2: ACHIEVING E-GOVERNMEN
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Estimation of benefits for both eDa
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ANNEX A: OVERVIEW OF POLITICAL AND
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ANNEX B: INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT AND
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Administrative environment Organisa
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Other State government responsibili
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− Models to support inter-organis
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ICT usage As discussed in Chapter 3
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Promotion of IT Research and Educat
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other reforms. The plan identified
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Overall, these action plans were su
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E-mail addresses for everyone Anoth
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had developed extensive practical k
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ANNEX E: METHODOLOGY Definition of
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The survey asked State and local go
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ANNEX F: GLOSSARY This glossary was
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Agency for Governmenta
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Ministry of Science, Technology and
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Statistics Denmark (2004b), Nyt fra
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