State of World Population 2012 - Country Page List - UNFPA

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UNFPA supports the Health for All coalition, a civil society organization that works towards the establishment of a strong and independent monitoring and evaluation system. The drug monitors now working in the health system have reduced the theft of drugs and dramatically increased accountability with direct effects on people’s access to family planning methods. The savings realized from meeting unmet need By investing an additional $4.1 billion in modern contraceptive services in developing countries, the world would save approximately $5.7 billion in maternal and newborn health services as a consequence of preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions (Singh and Darroch, 2012). Family planning is a cost-saving intervention at the individual, household/family and national levels (Cleland et al., 2011; Greene and Merrick, 2005). Recent research estimates that increased contraceptive use over the past two decades has reduced the number of maternal deaths by 40 per cent by reducing unintended pregnancies (Cleland et al., 2012). Thirty per cent more maternal deaths could be prevented simply by fulfilling unmet need for family planning. The role of “unsafe sex”—a range of sexual and reproductive health-related conditions including HIV—in the global burden of disease is enormous (Ezzati et al., 2002). Sexual and reproductive ill health is the fifth-leading cause of death around the world, and the second contributor to the global burden of disease as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); the proportion of disability-adjusted life years lost due to “unsafe sex” is much higher for women than for men. Committing to the right to family planning: cost implications Costing family planning is challenging because the modes of service delivery are varied, and Family planning services offer a range of options in Guinea. © UNFPA/Mariama Sire Kaba. t 92 CHAPTER 5: THE COSTS AND SAVINGS OF UPHOLDING THE RIGHT TO FAMILY PLANNING
“family planning” services often offer more than methods of family planning (Janowitz and Bratt, 1994). In addition, the costs associated with an unintended pregnancy or the benefits of avoiding one extend beyond the individual and include the impact on families, communities and nations. In addition, some costs of family planning are borne by health services; others are borne by individuals. In some settings, specific groups are more or less disadvantaged by having to bear these costs. In general, the costs of providing information are not included in most estimates, which focus more on the delivery of supplies and services. Programmes that have provided family planning to the initial “easy to reach” groups may find that the costs of reaching the next tier of clients are much greater (Janowitz and Bratt, 1994). For one thing, it may be necessary to reach out to people who are more geographically remote or socially isolated. The services may need to be extended or improved to address the rights of marginalized groups. A commitment to fulfil the right to family planning requires a complete understanding of all costs involved in reaching every individual. Is outreach needed to increase the access of disadvantaged groups How does a State meet its obligation to prioritize the hardest to reach even when it does not make full economic sense Are there programmatic components beyond the clinic that will need to be included so that barriers to access are overcome The Programme of Action of the ICPD acknowledged social and cultural constraints to health and established a rationale for addressing some of those constraints as part of family planning programmes. Yet these sorts of programmes that go “beyond family planning” can seem removed from services yet have broad health and development consequences (Singh and Darroch, 2012). An example would be efforts to work with men and boys to encourage more equitable gender norms and relationships, including supporting their own or partners’ use of family planning. Activities that support family planning are also essential to rights Costing has most often focused on health services and on generating the of supplies and services to respond to unmet need. Often neglected is the need to influence the underlying conditions that shape people’s perspectives on childbearing and permit them to use family planning. A human rights-based approach to sustainable development can guide policies and programmes in identifying and addressing the inter-related web of factors that lead to unmet need in a given "A commitment to fulfil the right to family planning requires a complete understanding of all costs involved in reaching every individual." country or local context. The application of a human rights-based approach as a continuum from situation analysis, to policy formulation and then to programme costing can help ensure that public budgets are more sensitive to various forms of discrimination, and are supportive of human rights. The Guttmacher Institute’s recent costing analysis notes that, “‘beyond family planning’ interventions are needed to address social factors that inhibit the use of contraception…. Addressing these types of barriers requires commitment to long-term, extensive interventions, such as providing comprehensive sex education and well-designed large-scale public education efforts” (Singh and Darroch, 2012). THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2012 93
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14 November 2012 BY CHOICE, NOT BY
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state of world population 2012 BY C
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ut many others have to do with econ
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t Women who are able to plan their
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What are the social and economic be
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CHAPTER ONE The right to family pla
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to—the social, political and econ
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1994 At the International Conferenc
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Rights, 2012). The charges had been
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health care, which includes family
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designing and delivering accessible
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use, and reduces unintended pregnan
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For UNFPA, the key benefits to impl
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CHAPTER TWO Analysing data and tren
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through the wealthiest 20 per cent.
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pers, advertisements and by word of
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cohabitating partner (UNICEF, Offic
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methods are several times more effe
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Despite the tendency to consolidate
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CASE STUDY No-scalpel vasectomy in
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contribute to high unmet need (Sing
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abortions in the region lead to mor
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(as stated in the Convention on the
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arriers prevent individuals from ac
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CHAPTER THREE Challenges in extendi
Page 51 and 52: sources of sexual and reproductive
Page 53 and 54: messages were delivered via a numbe
Page 55 and 56: Ricardo, 2005). Moreover, young and
Page 57 and 58: information and services, including
Page 59 and 60: instances of early sexual initiatio
Page 61 and 62: ut conventional family planning mes
Page 63 and 64: Social Affairs, 2009). Data from 15
Page 65 and 66: Many institutions, providers, and c
Page 67 and 68: groups (Maya, Xinka, and Garifuna)
Page 69 and 70: who are living with HIV and are con
Page 71 and 72: Studies suggest that HIV may have a
Page 73 and 74: with a public health challenge (Wor
Page 75 and 76: State-run family planning programme
Page 77 and 78: people in mobile, temporary, and re
Page 79 and 80: systems and civic participation to
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER FOUR The social and economi
Page 83 and 84: t Community education in Caracas, V
Page 85 and 86: Estimates of Total Fertility 2010-2
Page 87 and 88: children, and healthier women also
Page 89 and 90: empirical evidence supporting this
Page 91 and 92: y the 1990s was accompanied by incr
Page 93 and 94: gender equality is much stronger an
Page 95 and 96: substantially, created new opportun
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER FIVE The costs and savings
Page 99 and 100: Europe; the highest is 64 per cent
Page 101: Extending access to meet the unmet
Page 105 and 106: therapy as an inexpensive preventiv
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER SIX Making the right to fam
Page 109 and 110: 1 Expand the reach of family planni
Page 111 and 112: ange of rights. Meeting those oblig
Page 113 and 114: including indigenous and ethnic min
Page 115 and 116: 4 Increase funding for family plann
Page 117 and 118: Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
Page 123 and 124: Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
Page 125 and 126: Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
Page 127 and 128: Bibliography Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohamm
Page 140: Delivering a world where every preg
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