State of World Population 2012 - Country Page List - UNFPA

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The report is structured to answer the following key questions: What is a rights-based approach to family planning Chapter 1 provides an overview of the international commitments to sexual and reproductive health, including family planning, with a particular emphasis on the ICPD Programme of Action and the renewed international commitment to invest in family planning in a post-MDG sustainable development agenda. The chapter outlines the freedoms and entitlements associated with reproductive rights, drawing from civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The chapter outlines States’ obligations to fulfil citizens’ right to family planning and an accountability framework to monitor implementation. Where have gains been made and who cannot yet fully exercise their right to family planning Chapters 2 and 3 draw on research and programmatic evidence to describe global trends and show disparities in enjoyment of the benefits of family planning. Chapter 2 calls attention to inequalities in several key family planning indicators. Inequalities in access to and use of family planning services are examined across levels of wealth, education and place of residence. The chapter discusses why people use specific methods, the predominant use of female methods, and the impact of family planning use on abortion. Chapter 3 discusses the relatively high unmet needs of specific large—and largely neglected—sub-populations: young people, unmarried people of all ages, men and boys, the poor, and other socially marginalized groups with restricted access to information and services. This chapter discusses how the dynamics of sexual activity and marriage patterns are changing and how those changes affect the need for family planning. vi OVERVIEW t Maternal health in Tajikistan. ©UNFPA/Natasha Warcholak
What are the social and economic benefits of a rights-based approach to family planning Chapter 4 summarizes the social and economic benefits of expanding access to family planning, with an emphasis on underserved populations in greatest need. Reductions in maternal mortality and morbidities, gains in women’s education and improved life prospects for children are among the benefits to individuals, with broad implications for families, communities and countries. When governments prioritize family planning as part of an integrated development strategy, they make a strategic investment that both fulfils their obligation to protect citizens’ rights and helps alleviate poverty and stimulate economic growth. What are the cost implications of a rights-based approach to family planning Government and development agencies have to invest more resources to realize the individual and broader social and economic gains that can be achieved through a rights-based approach to family planning. Chapter 5 consolidates the latest research on costing, which finds that unmet need will continue to rise as more young people enter their reproductive years. Research confirms that family planning is a cost-effective public health investment. Taking into consideration its contributions to the realization of human rights and its cost-effectiveness, family planning is a strategic investment. What should the international community do to implement a rights-based approach Chapter 6 outlines recommendations to guide future investments, policies, and programmes. Key stakeholders must recognize systematic inequalities in family planning as an infringement of human rights and a hindrance to direct information and services for underserved populations. Families, communities, institutions, and governments will have to modify their strategies to ensure that all people are able to realize their human right to family planning. This work will expand conventional approaches to family planning programmes. The adoption of post-MDG indicators that allow for nuanced assessments of sexual and reproductive health disparities is critical. THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2012 vii
Page 1 and 2: 14 November 2012 BY CHOICE, NOT BY
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Page 5 and 6: ut many others have to do with econ
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Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER ONE The right to family pla
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Page 15 and 16: 1994 At the International Conferenc
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Page 19 and 20: health care, which includes family
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Page 23 and 24: use, and reduces unintended pregnan
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Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER TWO Analysing data and tren
Page 29 and 30: through the wealthiest 20 per cent.
Page 31 and 32: pers, advertisements and by word of
Page 33 and 34: cohabitating partner (UNICEF, Offic
Page 35 and 36: methods are several times more effe
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Page 39 and 40: CASE STUDY No-scalpel vasectomy in
Page 41 and 42: contribute to high unmet need (Sing
Page 43 and 44: abortions in the region lead to mor
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Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER THREE Challenges in extendi
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Page 53 and 54: messages were delivered via a numbe
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instances of early sexual initiatio
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ut conventional family planning mes
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Social Affairs, 2009). Data from 15
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Many institutions, providers, and c
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groups (Maya, Xinka, and Garifuna)
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who are living with HIV and are con
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Studies suggest that HIV may have a
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with a public health challenge (Wor
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State-run family planning programme
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people in mobile, temporary, and re
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systems and civic participation to
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CHAPTER FOUR The social and economi
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t Community education in Caracas, V
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Estimates of Total Fertility 2010-2
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children, and healthier women also
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empirical evidence supporting this
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y the 1990s was accompanied by incr
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gender equality is much stronger an
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substantially, created new opportun
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CHAPTER FIVE The costs and savings
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Europe; the highest is 64 per cent
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Extending access to meet the unmet
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“family planning” services ofte
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therapy as an inexpensive preventiv
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CHAPTER SIX Making the right to fam
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1 Expand the reach of family planni
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ange of rights. Meeting those oblig
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including indigenous and ethnic min
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4 Increase funding for family plann
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Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
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Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
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Bibliography Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohamm
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Delivering a world where every preg
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