State of World Population 2012 - Country Page List - UNFPA

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“Everyone has the right to education, which shall be directed to the full development of human resources, and human dignity and potential, with particular attention to women and the girl child. Education should be designed to strengthen respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including those relating to population and development.” — ICPD Programme of Action, Principle 10. human rights, including the right to health, for all without discrimination. They achieve this through strategies that contribute to removing obstacles and the adoption of positive measures that compensate for the factors that systematically prevent specific groups from accessing quality services. t Mother and child, Kiribati. ©UNFPA/Ariela Zibiah obligations (United Nations Practitioner’s Portal on Human Rights Based Approaches to Programming). The practical expressions of the right to family planning can be divided into freedoms and entitlements to be enjoyed by individuals, and the obligations of the State (Center for Reproductive Rights and UNFPA, 2010). The freedoms and entitlements of individuals are strongly dependent on States’ obligations to ensure an equal opportunity and the progressive realization of Freedoms and entitlements of individuals The right to family planning entitles individuals and couples to access a range of quality family planning goods and services, including the full range of methods for men and women. The right to family planning information and sexuality education is central to people’s entitlements. Individuals must have access to sexual and reproductive health-related information, whether through comprehensive sexuality education programmes in schools, campaigns, or counselling and training. This information “should be scientifically accurate, objective, and free of prejudice and discrimination” (Center for Reproductive Rights, 2008). The third element of the right to family planning is informed consent and freedom from discrimination, coercion, or violence. Women and men, girls and boys, must be able to make informed choices that are free from coercion, discrimination, or violence (Center for Reproductive Rights and UNFPA 2010; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Committee for the Study of Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women’s Health, 2009). Obligations of the State The Programme of Action of the ICPD affirms that “States should take all appropriate measures to ensure, on the basis of equality of men and women, universal access to health-care services, including those related to reproductive 8 CHAPTER 1: THE RIGHT TO FAMILY PLANNING
health care, which includes family planning and sexual health. Reproductive health-care programmes should provide the widest range of services without any form of coercion.” (UNFPA, 1994) The State’s obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the right to contraceptive information and services include both limitations on its actions and proactive obligations it must undertake (Center for Reproductive Rights and UNFPA, 2010; Hunt and de Mesquita, 2007). • Respect: States must refrain from interfering in the enjoyment of the right to family planning by, for example, restricting access through spousal or parental consent laws or and by prohibiting a particular family planning method. • Protect: States must also prevent third parties from infringing people’s access to family planning information and services, for example, in instances of refusal by a pharmacist to provide legally available contraceptive methods. • Fulfil: States are required to adopt legislative, budgetary, judicial, and/or administrative measures to achieve people’s full right to family planning, which may, for example, require subsidizing goods and services. Governments may be prevented by their limited resources from immediately fulfilling certain economic, social, and cultural rights underpinning individuals’ right to family planning information and services. This is where the principle of “progressive realization” comes in: In recognition of these realities, human rights law permits States to demonstrate they are taking steps “with a view to achieving progressively the full realization” of these rights, to the extent of their maximum available resources (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966). In addition to allocating resources, States must take steps towards incorporating family planning into national public health policies and programmes, and establish measures of reproductive health that assist in monitoring national progress towards family planning goals. UNFPA FAMILY PLANNING STRATEGY 2012-2020 Goal: to deliver access to family planning for 120 million additional women in 69 countries by 2020. The UNFPA family planning strategy is founded on key principles: a rights-based approach including a commitment to gender equality; geographical, social and economic equity in services; a focus on innovation and efficiency; sustainable results, and integration with national priorities. UNFPA’s commitment to the integration of human rights in family planning policies and programmes emphasizes two essential actions. All policies, services, information and communications must meet human rights standards for voluntary use of contraception and quality of care in service delivery. And actions must be taken to reduce the poverty, marginalization and gender inequalities that are often the root causes of violations of the right to family planning and of people’s inability to enjoy their right to family planning (Cottingham, Germain and Hunt, 2012; Center for Reproductive Rights and UNFPA, 2010). In focusing on rights, UNFPA commits in particular to: • Ensuring that the contraceptives procured respond to genderspecific needs; • Informing men, women and young people about the availability of contraceptives and where they can access them—and supporting them as they exercise their rights to family planning; • Supporting both men and women to transform gender attitudes and cultural barriers that impede access to and use of family planning. UNFPA focuses on: • strengthening political and financial commitment to family planning; • Increasing demand for family planning; • Improving national supply chain management; • Improving availability and quality of family planning services; • Improving knowledge management on family planning. THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2012 9
Page 1 and 2: 14 November 2012 BY CHOICE, NOT BY
Page 3 and 4: state of world population 2012 BY C
Page 5 and 6: ut many others have to do with econ
Page 7 and 8: t Women who are able to plan their
Page 9 and 10: What are the social and economic be
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER ONE The right to family pla
Page 13 and 14: to—the social, political and econ
Page 15 and 16: 1994 At the International Conferenc
Page 17: Rights, 2012). The charges had been
Page 21 and 22: designing and delivering accessible
Page 23 and 24: use, and reduces unintended pregnan
Page 25 and 26: For UNFPA, the key benefits to impl
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER TWO Analysing data and tren
Page 29 and 30: through the wealthiest 20 per cent.
Page 31 and 32: pers, advertisements and by word of
Page 33 and 34: cohabitating partner (UNICEF, Offic
Page 35 and 36: methods are several times more effe
Page 37 and 38: Despite the tendency to consolidate
Page 39 and 40: CASE STUDY No-scalpel vasectomy in
Page 41 and 42: contribute to high unmet need (Sing
Page 43 and 44: abortions in the region lead to mor
Page 45 and 46: (as stated in the Convention on the
Page 47 and 48: arriers prevent individuals from ac
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER THREE Challenges in extendi
Page 51 and 52: sources of sexual and reproductive
Page 53 and 54: messages were delivered via a numbe
Page 55 and 56: Ricardo, 2005). Moreover, young and
Page 57 and 58: information and services, including
Page 59 and 60: instances of early sexual initiatio
Page 61 and 62: ut conventional family planning mes
Page 63 and 64: Social Affairs, 2009). Data from 15
Page 65 and 66: Many institutions, providers, and c
Page 67 and 68: groups (Maya, Xinka, and Garifuna)
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who are living with HIV and are con
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Studies suggest that HIV may have a
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with a public health challenge (Wor
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State-run family planning programme
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people in mobile, temporary, and re
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systems and civic participation to
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CHAPTER FOUR The social and economi
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t Community education in Caracas, V
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Estimates of Total Fertility 2010-2
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children, and healthier women also
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empirical evidence supporting this
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y the 1990s was accompanied by incr
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gender equality is much stronger an
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substantially, created new opportun
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CHAPTER FIVE The costs and savings
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Europe; the highest is 64 per cent
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Extending access to meet the unmet
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“family planning” services ofte
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therapy as an inexpensive preventiv
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CHAPTER SIX Making the right to fam
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1 Expand the reach of family planni
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ange of rights. Meeting those oblig
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including indigenous and ethnic min
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4 Increase funding for family plann
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Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
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Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
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Bibliography Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohamm
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Delivering a world where every preg
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