State of World Population 2012 - Country Page List - UNFPA

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Family planning in humanitarian settings: Somalia Women in Somalia have the highest fertility rates in the world, averaging more than six children each (United Nations Population Fund, 2012b). In spite of conflict, famine and high maternal, infant and child mortality rates, the country’s population has nearly tripled in the past 50 years. In this pastoralist society, where so many have been lost to war, children have enormous value. Throughout the past two decades of conflict in Somalia and the lack of a functioning central government since 1991, international attention has centred on resolving the political crisis and delivering emergency relief. In this context, developing the programmes and healthcare infrastructure necessary to generate and fulfil a demand for family planning has not been a priority. Some believe that the only way to effectively communicate about family planning to Somalis, most of them devout sunni Muslims, is through religion. Partnering with faith-based organizations can alleviate the religious and social pressures on women who practice child spacing. Traditional methods such as withdrawal and exclusive breastfeeding are most easily accepted in Somali society. UNFPA is collaborating with non-governmental and governmental organizations to deliver essential reproductive health supplies and services. With the worst of the famine now over, Somalia faces an opportunity to focus on family planning programmes as a way to safeguard the well-being of future generations. while also supporting community-based interventions that mobilize communities to save women’s lives. The “cultural brokerage” roles that indigenous authorities and leaders, including traditional birth attendants, play are fundamental in this process. UNFPA has also contributed to advancing knowledge on indigenous peoples at the regional and country level through qualitative and quantitative studies, advocating for the inclusion of indigenous peoples issues in population and housing censuses, and assisting in the improvement of health registries and other administrative records. Persons with disabilities. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognizes their specific rights and outlines corresponding State obligations. The Convention specifies that persons with disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others (Article 12), have the right to marry and found a family and retain their fertility (Article 23), and have access to sexual and reproductive health care (Article 25). Research finds that persons with disabilities experience discrimination that violates their rights and social biases that restrict their abilities to academically, professionally, and personally excel (World Health Organization, 2011). Furthermore, disabled persons experience poorer socioeconomic outcomes and poverty (Scheer et al., 2003; European Commission, 2008). Worldwide, the belief that disabled persons are asexual or should have their sexuality and fertility controlled is commonplace (World Health Organization, 2009). But persons with disabilities are sexually active, and studies have documented significant other unmet needs for family planning (Maart and Jelsma, 2010; World Health Organization, 2009). Despite legal prohibitions that grant disabled persons the right to plan and time pregnancies, disabled persons are more likely to be excluded from sex education programmes (Rohleder et al., 2009; Tanzanian Commission for AIDS, 2009). Studies have also documented cases of involuntary sterilizations of disabled women (Servais, 2006; Grover, 2002). Non-consensual sterilization is against international human rights standards. People living with HIV. Research in both developed and developing countries suggests that HIV status does not repress the desire to have children (Rutenberg et al., 2006). The specific considerations of women and men 58 CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGES IN EXTENDING ACCESS TO EVERYONE
who are living with HIV and are considering pregnancy remain linked to the stigma and discrimination they encounter from their families, community or health system (Oosterhoff et al., 2008). For women and men with access to antiretroviral treatment, a diagnosis of HIV can now be managed largely as a chronic disease. Even though universal access to life-saving treatments has not been achieved in all parts of the world, the international community has made considerable progress towards expanding access. In low- and middle-income countries, the number of people receiving treatment has reached 6.65 million, representing a 16-fold increase within seven years (World Health Organization, 2011). As progress towards universal access to antiretroviral treatment continues, more people who live Young men are more likely than young women to have high-risk sex with a non-marital, non-cohabiting partner in the last 12 months (PER CENT of young people 15-24) Implications for family planning: married and unmarried people need access to contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies Young women Young men Viet Nam India Cambodia Malawi Uganda Central African Republic Zambia Zimbabwe United Rep. of Tanzania Guyana Republic of Moldova Kenya Ukraine Dominican Republic Namibia Haiti 1 1 1 14 16 21 26 27 24 28 36 32 40 36 33 38 46 55 57 65 69 72 78 80 81 83 83 76 87 87 90 95 0 20 40 60 80 100 Source: AIS, DHS, MICS and other national household surveys, 2005-2009. For each country, data refer to the most recent year available in the specified period. THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2012 59
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14 November 2012 BY CHOICE, NOT BY
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state of world population 2012 BY C
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ut many others have to do with econ
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t Women who are able to plan their
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What are the social and economic be
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CHAPTER ONE The right to family pla
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to—the social, political and econ
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1994 At the International Conferenc
Page 17 and 18: Rights, 2012). The charges had been
Page 19 and 20: health care, which includes family
Page 21 and 22: designing and delivering accessible
Page 23 and 24: use, and reduces unintended pregnan
Page 25 and 26: For UNFPA, the key benefits to impl
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER TWO Analysing data and tren
Page 29 and 30: through the wealthiest 20 per cent.
Page 31 and 32: pers, advertisements and by word of
Page 33 and 34: cohabitating partner (UNICEF, Offic
Page 35 and 36: methods are several times more effe
Page 37 and 38: Despite the tendency to consolidate
Page 39 and 40: CASE STUDY No-scalpel vasectomy in
Page 41 and 42: contribute to high unmet need (Sing
Page 43 and 44: abortions in the region lead to mor
Page 45 and 46: (as stated in the Convention on the
Page 47 and 48: arriers prevent individuals from ac
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER THREE Challenges in extendi
Page 51 and 52: sources of sexual and reproductive
Page 53 and 54: messages were delivered via a numbe
Page 55 and 56: Ricardo, 2005). Moreover, young and
Page 57 and 58: information and services, including
Page 59 and 60: instances of early sexual initiatio
Page 61 and 62: ut conventional family planning mes
Page 63 and 64: Social Affairs, 2009). Data from 15
Page 65 and 66: Many institutions, providers, and c
Page 67: groups (Maya, Xinka, and Garifuna)
Page 71 and 72: Studies suggest that HIV may have a
Page 73 and 74: with a public health challenge (Wor
Page 75 and 76: State-run family planning programme
Page 77 and 78: people in mobile, temporary, and re
Page 79 and 80: systems and civic participation to
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER FOUR The social and economi
Page 83 and 84: t Community education in Caracas, V
Page 85 and 86: Estimates of Total Fertility 2010-2
Page 87 and 88: children, and healthier women also
Page 89 and 90: empirical evidence supporting this
Page 91 and 92: y the 1990s was accompanied by incr
Page 93 and 94: gender equality is much stronger an
Page 95 and 96: substantially, created new opportun
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER FIVE The costs and savings
Page 99 and 100: Europe; the highest is 64 per cent
Page 101 and 102: Extending access to meet the unmet
Page 103 and 104: “family planning” services ofte
Page 105 and 106: therapy as an inexpensive preventiv
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER SIX Making the right to fam
Page 109 and 110: 1 Expand the reach of family planni
Page 111 and 112: ange of rights. Meeting those oblig
Page 113 and 114: including indigenous and ethnic min
Page 115 and 116: 4 Increase funding for family plann
Page 117 and 118: Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
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Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
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Bibliography Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohamm
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Delivering a world where every preg
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