Debt: The First 5000 Years - autonomous learning

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DEBT THE FIRST 5,000 YEARS DAVID GRAEBER '* MELVILLEHOUSE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
Page 3: DEBT
Page 7: CONTENTS 1 On The Experience of Mor
Page 10 and 11: 2 DEBT "For example" "Well, for exa
Page 12 and 13: 4 DEBT before too long, had morphed
Page 14 and 15: 6 DEBT when they feel the Malagasy
Page 16 and 17: 8 DEBT matter what they are. Or, at
Page 18 and 19: 10 DEBT status of moneylenders was
Page 20 and 21: 12 DEBT After she died, for seven d
Page 22 and 23: 14 DEBT up having to abandon your h
Page 24 and 25: 16 DEBT debt (which certainly would
Page 26 and 27: 18 DEBT is that there's nothing new
Page 29 and 30: Chapter Two THE MYTH OF BARTER For
Page 31 and 32: THE MYTH OF BARTER 23 not difficult
Page 33 and 34: THE MYTH OF BARTER 25 should play a
Page 35 and 36: TH E MYTH OF BARTER 27 Eventually,
Page 37 and 38: THE MYTH OF BARTER 29 For centuries
Page 39 and 40: THE MYTH OF BARTER 31 Once again, i
Page 41 and 42: THE MYTH OF BARTER 33 for the excha
Page 43 and 44: THE MYTH OF BARTER 35 textbook, we
Page 45 and 46: THE MYTH OF BARTER 37 (cloth for sp
Page 47 and 48: THE MYTH OF BARTER 39 The Sumerian
Page 49: THE MYTH OF BARTER 41 all the evide
Page 52 and 53: 44 DEBT Recall here what Smith was
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46 DEBT State and Credit Theories o
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48 DEBT most famous exponent was th
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50 DEBT then demands that every fam
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52 DEBT Such examples could be mult
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54 DEBT Now, John Maynard Keynes hi
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56 DEBT having been used as the mai
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58 DEBT representation that is the
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60 DEBT us, then the first step tow
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62 DEBT capacity to measure the exa
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64 DEBT to reconcile with any theor
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66 DEBT "society." It's this debt t
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68 DEBT Set out this way, though, t
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70 DEBT broadly modeled on Medieval
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Chapter Four CRUELTY AND REDEMPTION
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CRUELTY AND REDEMPTION 75 Throughou
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CRUEL TY AND REDEMPTION 77 Unlike w
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CRUEL TY AND REDEMPTION 79 and driv
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CRUELTY AND REDEMPTION 81 particula
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CRUELTY AND REDEMPTION 83 his wife
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CRUELTY AND REDEMPTION 85 naive in
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CRUELTY AND REDEMPTION 87 that this
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90 DEBT could be brought to bear. I
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92 DEBT Would we really be willing
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94 DEBT of Africa, accomplished cur
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96 DEBT say, "And what do I get for
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98 DEBT I will call this "baseline
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100 DEBT definition of a true frien
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10 2 DEBT Finally, once we start th
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10 4 DEBT haggling-an interesting r
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10 6 DEBT people would really want
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10 8 DEBT developed where local ban
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110 DEBT their relations with seden
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112 DEBT have acted toward him in t
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114 DEBT friends, and feudal lords
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116 DEBT This was such a recommenda
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118 DEBT to cut his own throat, thu
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12 0 DEBT citizens of the Republic
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12 2 DEBT No. All human interaction
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124 DEBT often find it insulting to
Page 134 and 135:
12 6 DEBT devils, will seek to turf
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12 8 DEBT In this light, the econom
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13 0 DEBT almost exclusively for th
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132 DEBT that one is asking for som
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13 4 DEBT Certainly no one presenti
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13 6 DEBT able to marry and produce
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13 8 DEBT required, but not doing s
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14 0 DEBT seems singularly apropos.
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14 2 DEBT three wives, and since ad
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14 4 DEBT of its members, and there
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14 6 DEBT We have perhaps a general
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14 8 DEBT tricks you into contracti
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150 DEBT The Tiv, then, were well a
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15 2 DEBT demanding pawns as securi
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15 4 DEBT social currency, "used fo
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15 6 DEBT has pointed out, labor th
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15 8 DEBT disposed of as he wished.
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16 0 DEBT noted, think about what w
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162 DEBT were a leper with no hands
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16 4 DEBT institutions in ways that
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16 6 DEBT The best way to do so, I
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16 8 DEBT At the very least, there
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17 0 DEBT Haitian zombie stories, a
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17 2 DEBT case of minor transaction
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174 DEBT man publicly mocked would
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17 6 DEBT I I I I I What makes Medi
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17 8 DEBT In the very earliest Sume
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18 0 DEBT dowries, with which they
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18 2 DEBT Already, in the earliest
Page 192 and 193:
184 DEBT Patriarchy as we know it s
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18 6 DEBT other members of the uppe
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18 8 DEBT This resulted in a slight
Page 198 and 199:
190 DEBT and that the courtesans, f
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19 2 DEBT The same tensions can be
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194 DEBT repaid at all, the debtor
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19 6 DEBT the circumstances.x6 The
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198 DEBT Ancient Rome (Property and
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200 DEBT as a relation between peop
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202 DEBT the logic of conquest exte
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204 DEBT indistinguishable from the
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206 DEBT them, then what would it m
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208 DEBT here. This is why I develo
Page 218 and 219:
210 DEBT completely isolated beings
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212 DEBT not countenance slaveholdi
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214 DEBT goes on in every period of
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216 DEBT a Persian about the origin
Page 226 and 227:
218 DEBT distribution of allotments
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220 DEBT which the value of sumptuo
Page 231 and 232:
Chapter Nine THE AXIAL AGE (800 BC
Page 233 and 234:
THE AXIAL AGE 225 appear to have be
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THE AXIAL AG E 227 worthless in the
Page 237 and 238:
THE AXIAL AGE 229 generally, as jur
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THE AXIAL AGE 231 designed to encou
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THE AXIAL AGE 233 professional army
Page 243 and 244:
THE AXIAL AGE 235 Asoka's reforms a
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THE AXIAL AGE 237 of the soul or th
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THE AXIAL AGE 239 quality, and tryi
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THE AXIAL AGE 241 he insisted that
Page 251 and 252:
THE AXIAL AGE 243 Materialism II: S
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THE AXIAL AGE 245 Miletus, which al
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THE AXIAL AGE 247 public debts, but
Page 257 and 258:
THE AXIAL AGE 249 responsibility in
Page 259 and 260:
Chapter Te n THE MIDDLE AGES (600 -
Page 261 and 262:
THE MIDDLE AGES 253 was to endure.
Page 263 and 264:
THE MIDDLE AGES 255 They did it abo
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THE MIDDLE AGES 257 vanished from t
Page 267 and 268:
THE MIDDLE AGES 259 bay, without ca
Page 269 and 270:
THE MIDDLE AGES 261 only really ove
Page 271 and 272:
THE MIDDLE AGES 263 They engage in
Page 273 and 274:
THE MIDDLE AGES 265 monasteries cam
Page 275 and 276:
THE MIDDLE AGES 267 In the meantime
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THE MIDDLE AGES 269 other; they wer
Page 279 and 280:
THE MIDDLE AGES 271 The Near West:
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THE MIDDLE AGES 273 and never felt
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THE MIDDLE AGES 275 since the dawn
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THE MIDDLE AGES 277 status and good
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THE MIDDLE AGES 279 the highest exp
Page 289 and 290:
THE MIDDLE AGES 281 Ghazali also no
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THE MIDDLE AGES 283 effectively red
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THE MIDDLE AGES 285 every Biblical
Page 295 and 296:
THE MIDDLE AGES 287 never resolved.
Page 297 and 298:
THE MIDDLE AGES 289 One mustn't exa
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THE MIDDLE AGES 291 capitalism of t
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THE MIDDLE AGES 293 the Turks. 134
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THE MIDDLE AGES 295 his prize, hors
Page 305 and 306:
THE MIDDLE AGES 297 learning all ov
Page 307 and 308:
THE MIDDLE AGES 299 Let's start wit
Page 309 and 310:
THE MIDDLE AGES 301 another man's v
Page 311 and 312:
THE MIDDLE AGES 303 excess, and pot
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THE MIDDLE AGES 305 of metaphysical
Page 316 and 317:
308 DEBT THE EPOCH THAT BEGAN with
Page 318 and 319:
310 DEBT I I I I I After the Mongol
Page 320 and 321:
312 DEBT those mines might have bec
Page 322 and 323:
314 DEBT institutions operate, to d
Page 324 and 325:
316 DEBT life, and then, to enjoy i
Page 326 and 327:
318 DEBT in pay, determined at once
Page 328 and 329:
320 DEBT It is the peculiar feature
Page 330 and 331:
322 DEBT support in towns and villa
Page 332 and 333:
324 DEBT Casimir dutifully doled ou
Page 334 and 335:
326 DEBT Part II: The World of Cred
Page 336 and 337:
328 DEBT founded on trust. Much lik
Page 338 and 339:
330 DEBT in English translation aft
Page 340 and 341:
332 DEBT laws of movement," wrote H
Page 342 and 343:
334 DEBT suits were ever brought to
Page 344 and 345:
336 DEBT In other words, Smith simp
Page 346 and 347:
338 DEBT This is the story normally
Page 348 and 349:
340 DEBT creditors to the crown-off
Page 350 and 351:
342 DEBT such bubbles hit the Londo
Page 352 and 353:
344 DEBT by borrowing that I make s
Page 354 and 355:
346 DEBT everyone agrees, however,
Page 356 and 357:
348 DEBT imagination could devise .
Page 358 and 359:
350 DEBT to the Peruvian company th
Page 360 and 361:
352 DEBT There is, and has always b
Page 362 and 363:
354 DEBT and therefore, free of gui
Page 364 and 365:
356 DEBT of palace intrigues during
Page 366 and 367:
358 DEBT believe this, and particul
Page 368 and 369:
360 DEBT One could go further: the
Page 370 and 371:
362 DEBT U.S. gold reserves to incr
Page 372 and 373:
364 DEBT in anticipation of, or rea
Page 374 and 375:
366 DEBT - Federal Debt - Defense B
Page 376 and 377:
368 DEBT 1970s, and the current, la
Page 378 and 379:
370 DE BT Board of Governors Total
Page 380 and 381:
372 DEBT creating remarkably favora
Page 382 and 383:
374 DEBT government policy should n
Page 384 and 385:
376 DEBT being invested in the mark
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378 DEBT by which progress is achie
Page 388 and 389:
380 DEBT the Grameen Bank insisted,
Page 390 and 391:
382 DEBT keep reminding us, because
Page 392 and 393:
384 DEBT widely Over the last five
Page 394 and 395:
386 DEBT an endless variety of form
Page 396 and 397:
388 DEBT was profoundly democratic.
Page 398 and 399:
390 DEBT The argument might perhaps
Page 401 and 402:
NOTES Chapter One 1. With the predi
Page 403 and 404:
NOTES 395 Italian banker named Bern
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NOTES 397 promise to pay or satisfy
Page 407 and 408:
NOTES 399 Ingham (1996, 1999, 2004)
Page 409 and 410:
NOTES 401 cancel their debts in a c
Page 411 and 412:
NOTES 403 though we can never know
Page 413 and 414:
NOTES 405 themselves as world power
Page 415 and 416:
NOTES 407 case--aristocratic, but a
Page 417 and 418:
NOTES 409 that country's most signi
Page 419 and 420:
NOTES 411 45· See Abraham 1933:26;
Page 421 and 422:
NOTES 413 83. Vickers (1996) provid
Page 423 and 424:
NOTES 415 are also to be found in C
Page 425 and 426:
NOTES 417 West. This might be the o
Page 427 and 428:
NOTES 419 actually taking place; as
Page 429 and 430:
NOTES 421 90. Plato recounts the ev
Page 431 and 432:
NOTES 423 on with suspiCion. Simila
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NOTES 425 18. One authority states
Page 435 and 436:
NOTES 427 IJ. Elayi & Elayi 1992. 1
Page 437 and 438:
NOTES 429 48. Pythagoras was, as fa
Page 439 and 440:
NOTES 431 77· I am partly inspired
Page 441 and 442:
NOTES 433 had equal rights, but who
Page 443 and 444:
NOTES 435 48. Marco Polo observed t
Page 445 and 446:
NOTES 437 from Jewish or Christian
Page 447 and 448:
NOTES 439 of wage-earners and those
Page 449 and 450:
NOTES 441 profits of which they so
Page 451 and 452:
NOTES 443 On Taoist fu : Kaltenmark
Page 453 and 454:
NOTES 445 25. Martin Luther, Von Ka
Page 455 and 456:
NOTES 447 vagrants that they were e
Page 457 and 458:
NOTES 449 later inventions-and Lord
Page 459 and 460:
NOTES 451 a curia, the senior staff
Page 461:
NOTES 453 31. This is, incidentally
Page 464 and 465:
456 BIBLIOGRAPHY Altekar, Anant Sad
Page 466 and 467:
458 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berndt, Ronald M.
Page 468 and 469:
460 BIBLIOGRAPHY Byrne, Frances. 19
Page 470 and 471:
462 BIBLIOGRAPHY Davidson, Paul. 2o
Page 472 and 473:
464 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ekejiuba, Felicia
Page 474 and 475:
466 BIBLIOGRAPHY Flynn, Dennis and
Page 476 and 477:
468 BIBLIOGRAPHY Gough, Kathleen. 1
Page 478 and 479:
470 BIBLIOGRAPHY Harrison, James P.
Page 480 and 481:
472 BIBLIOGRAPHY ---. 1994. "Fair D
Page 482 and 483:
474 BIBLIOGRAPHY Khan, Mir Siadat A
Page 484 and 485:
476 BIBLIOGRAPHY Laum, Bernard. 192
Page 486 and 487:
478 BIBLIOGRAPHY Maloney, Robert P.
Page 488 and 489:
480 BIBLIOGRAPHY Munro, John H. 200
Page 490 and 491:
482 BIBLIOGRAPHY Patterson, Orlando
Page 492 and 493:
484 BIBLIOGRAPHY Rohrlich, Ruby. I9
Page 494 and 495:
486 BIBLIOGRAPHY ---. 1965. "Usury
Page 496 and 497:
488 BIBLIOGRAPHY ---. 1995· L'Etat
Page 498 and 499:
490 BIBLIOGRAPHY Wallace-Hadrill, A
Page 500 and 501:
492 BIBLIOGRAPHY Yang, Lien-sheng.
Page 502 and 503:
494 INDEX Annikeris, 197, 421n90 An
Page 504 and 505:
496 INDEX barter systems, types of
Page 506 and 507:
498 INDEX capital as credit in Isla
Page 508 and 509:
500 INDEX Chinese dynasties Han, 22
Page 510 and 511:
502 INDEX cooper bars, as currency,
Page 512 and 513:
504 INDEX "debt," etymology of, 59
Page 514 and 515:
506 INDEX economies, types of comma
Page 516 and 517:
508 INDEX fiat money, 53, 270, 364,
Page 518 and 519:
510 INDEX gold, U.S. myths about, 3
Page 520 and 521:
512 INDEX Hinduism (continued ) lan
Page 522 and 523:
514 INDEX insulting/competing langu
Page 524 and 525:
516 INDEX khipu system, Inca, 220,
Page 526 and 527:
518 INDEX Maori people gift exchang
Page 528 and 529:
520 INDEX Miller, William Ian, 407n
Page 530 and 531:
522 INDEX 9/11, 362, 363 Nixon, Ric
Page 532 and 533:
524 INDEX "primitive barter," 394n7
Page 534 and 535:
526 INDEX religious ideologies (con
Page 536 and 537:
528 INDEX slavery (continued ) in m
Page 538 and 539:
530 INDEX suftaja, 201, 276, 291, 4
Page 540 and 541:
532 INDEX u ulema (legal scholars),
Page 542:
534 INDEX women (continued ) patria
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