Debt: The First 5000 Years - autonomous learning

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516 INDEX khipu system, Inca, 220, 425n28 kidnapping child-selling and, 154, 168-169 marriage by capture, 157, 410n42 for slavery, 151-152, 154, 157, 168- 169, 411n60, 412n77 King, David, 23 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 372, 378 kings gift-giving to, 106-108, 110, 406n36 honor price of, 173-174, 415nn24-25 identification with slaves, 209-210, 423n129 money, valuations of, 282-283, 438n95 taxes demanded by, 65 Knapp, G.F., 48, 54, 397n11 knights, medieval duties of, 441n 138 stories about, 293-294, 441n137 tournaments for, 294-295 Knights Templar, 291, 441n144 Koran, 183, 436n68 Kpsala empire, 232 Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand, 400n47, 426n7, 429nn60-61 401(k) retirement accounts, 376 Kropotkin, Peter, 404n5 Ksatriya republics, 232, 256, 428n32 Kuwait euro in, 367 Iraqui debt to, 5 Kwakiutl people, 117, 396n1, 406n44 L labor, division of barter systems and, 25-26 in Islam, 279-280, 329 labor unions, 374-375 Laffer curve (Khaldun-Laffer Curve), 90, 438n93 laissez- faire economics. see capitalism; free-market economies landlordism, 9, 374, 443n4 language, defined, 402n8 Laozi, 435n50 Larson, Pier, 412n79 Latin America, international debt of, 368-369 Latin terminology abusus (abuse/destruction), 199 apreitiare (to set a price), 408n63 bullae (bullion), 214 capitate (capital), 445n29 charta (token), 47 corpus intellectuale (intellectual body), 304 dominium (property), 198-203, 200--- 201, 421n95 fa milia (family), 201, 421n101 fructus (fruits), 199 gratia (influence), 408n63 hostis (hospitality), 405n22 ius gentium (law of nations), 167, 204, 422n114 ius (rights), 199, 421n93 juros (debt bonds), 448n80 libertus (free), 203 lucrum cessans (lost income), 440n125 mysticum (mystical body), 304 pacare (pacify), 399n43 persona ficta (fictive person), 304, 443n170 rentes (debt bonds), 339 usus (use of a thing), 199 Laum, Bernard, 59, 394n6, 399n41 La Violence de Ia Monnaie (Orleans), 398n30 Law, John, 342 law codes, early, 60-62 law of nations, 167, 204, 422nl14 Laws (Plato), 420n81 Leach, Edmund, 407n46 leather token money, 48, 74-75, 327, 396n37 Leenhard, Maurice, 243-244 legal debts vs. moral debts, 120 Legalists, School of, 240, 429n55, 435n59 Lehman Brothers, 16 Leizi, 269 Lele people (Africa) blood debts and, 137, 139-144, 145 camwood money, 138, 142-144, 159 cloth money of, 137-138, 142 marriage expense and customs, 138, 410n25, 412n62 pawns, men as, 410n29 pawns, women as, 139-144, 412n62 slavery practices of, 140, 144, 146, 210n39
INDEX 517 societal hierarchies in, 142-143 "village-wives," 141-142, 410n33 women's social role and value, 138- 144, 410n29, 410n34, 410nn25-26, 413n97 Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens (Millett), 419n78 "leopard-skin chiefs," 133 Lerner, Gerda, 184 Levi, Sylvain, 399n34 Leviathan (Hobbes), 331 Levi-Strauss, Claude, 91, 394n9, 402n8, 410n22 Leviticus, views on debt in, 82, 402n15, 403n20, 419n77 Levy- Bruhl, Lucien, 93 lex Petronia, 422n108 Lexus and the Olive Tree, <strong>The</strong> (Friedman/Martin), 452n26 Liang dynasty, 261 libertus (free), 203 liberty. See freedom, concept of life, as endless debt, 263 life-debts, 133-136 blood debts, 137-144, 145, 420n84 li min (public profit), 429n58 li (profit), 239, 429n55 livlihood, right to, 328, 446n44 livres, French, 48, 395n28, 397n12 Livy, (Titus Livius), 230, 403n27, 422n109 Llewellyn-Jones, LLoyd, 418n64 loans in China, 269, 435nn48-53 commercial loans, 253-254, 43 1- 432n5 compulsory loans, 338-339 eranos loans, 403-404n30 irresponsible loans and debt crisis, 15-17, 393nll Third World debt crisis and, 2-3 vs. gifts, 420n84 vs. tribute systems, 6, 371-372, 384 See also credit systems; moneylending/ money lenders loans, interest-bearing effect on families, 328 in Europe, 440n130 in Greece, 191-192, 419nn75nn77, 420n81 Hinduism and, 11-12 in India, 256, 432n15 invention of, 384 in Middle East, 420n81 origins of, 64, 420n81 in Persia, 400n51, 420n85 in Sumer, 216 in Vedic India, 62-63, 400n47 wage labor and, 368 loan sharks/loan-sharking, 10, 28, 5 1, 195, 259, 352, 354, 376, 389 lobbying policies, U.S., 376 Locke, John, 24, 45, 210, 340-341, 341, 401n2 Loizos, Peter, 407n57 Lombard, Maurice, 277 Lombards family, 289, 440n121 London. See England lost income, 290, 440n 125 "love," concept of, 385, 386, 446n51 lucrum cessans (lost income), 440n125 Luther, Martin, 321-322, 324, 331, 445n26 Lydia, kingdom of, 212, 224-225, 244 Lydian coins, 224, 227, 426n5 M Machiavelli, Niccolo, 331-332, 446n58 MacKay, Charles, 347-348 MacPherson, C.B., 423n122, 445n40 Madagascar bargaining customs in, 104 barter systems in, 28 French invasion of, 5, 50 malaria outbreak in, 4 taxes imposed on by France, 5-6, so- 51, 393n1 Magadha empire, 232-233, 235, 43 1n3 magical language, 343 Mahavira, 232 Mahayana doctrine, 241, 265-266, 266, 268, 433-434n35 Mahyamaka school, 433-434n35 Making of the New World Slavery (Blackburn), 224n3 Malagasy people. See Madagascar Malamoud, Charles, 399n32, 407n59 Malinowski, Bronislaw K., 404n3 Mamluks, 209, 274, 294 manas (man), 76 Manuel, Dom, 406n34
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DEBT
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© 2011 David Graeber First Melvill
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Chapter One ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MO
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ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFUSIO
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ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFU.S
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ON THE EX PERIEN CE OF MORAL CONFUS
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22 DEBT that there is something ver
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24 DEBT can make them both happier.
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26 DEBT so many examples, we have a
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28 DEBT "The economy" is where we i
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30 DEBT aside their weapons to sing
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32 DEBT Then visltlng men of one mo
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34 DEBT palm off the faulty object
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36 DEBT The message is conveyed, an
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38 DEBT In the early days of the Ne
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40 DEBT independently) were among t
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Chapter Three PRIMORDIAL DEBTS In b
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 45 barter systems.
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 47 circulating aro
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 49 Modern banknote
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 51 language of the
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 53 families such a
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 55 Neither was Key
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 57 Sacrifice (and
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 59 For instance, I
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 61 abundantly clea
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 63 interest-bearin
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 65 were in financi
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 67 pay a debt to s
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 69 be possible to
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 71 The problem is
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74 DEBT Persian government probably
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76 DEBT To illustrate, let me call
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78 DEBT In other words, for Nietzsc
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80 DEBT to think about our relation
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82 DEBT slate" edict-having himself
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84 DEBT humans-in this particular c
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86 DEBT It's particularly striking
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Chapter Five A BRIEF TREATISE ON TH
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THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELA
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THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELAT
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THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELAT
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Chapter Six GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 12 9 off
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 1 Mone
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 3 more
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 5 a fi
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 7 Bloo
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 9 whil
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 1 you:
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 14 3 affai
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 5 This
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 7 pres
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 14 9 into
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 15 1 On ar
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 153 always
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 15 5 chai
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 157 dream
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 159 the c
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 161 Anthro
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 16 3 I me
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Chapter Seven HONOR AND DEGRADATI O
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HONOR AND DEGRADAT ION 16 7 Readers
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 169 eliminate
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 171 all know
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 17 3 sacrosan
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 17 5 her fath
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HONOR AND DEGRADAT ION 17 7 The wor
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HONOR AND DEGRADAT I ON 17 9 scale
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 1 The most
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 3 to which
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 18 5 that th
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 18 7 Greek c
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 9 imaginar
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 19 1 hierarch
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HO NOR AND DEGRADATION 19 3 day the
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HONO R AND DEGRA DATION 195 enforce
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HO NO R AND DEGRADATION 197 succeed
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HONO R AND DEGRADAT IO N 199 that i
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 201 or "hous
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 203 century A
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 205 noble cl
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 207 ourselves
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 209 lifted fr
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Chapter Eight CREDIT VERSUS BULLION
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CREDIT VE R SUS BULL I ON 213 From
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CREDIT VE RSUS BULLION 215 could ci
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CREDIT VERSUS BULLION 217 abolished
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CREDIT VE RSUS BULL I ON 219 By the
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CREDIT VE R SUS BULLION 221 Other v
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224 DEBT with ascetics and sages fl
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226 DEBT to say; it was removed fro
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228 DEBT Carthage lasted longer, bu
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230 DEBT invading army; and ancient
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232 DEBT So that they laugh at thos
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234 DEBT brought under government c
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236 DEBT and peasant leader named L
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238 DEBT appear in all the same tim
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240 DEBT Lti adopted the prince's c
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242 DEBT His conclusion: if one cou
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244 DEBT Once, waiting to assess th
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246 DEBT fees, or legal penalties.
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248 DEBT supreme being, or whether
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250 DEBT As for the religious movem
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252 DEBT abandoned and the economy
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254 DEBT ends by saying that this w
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256 DEBT Hindu temples alone must h
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258 DEBT China: Buddhism and the Ec
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260 DEBT "the market"-owing to the
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262 DEBT of the illusory nature of
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264 DEBT act of breastfeeding, the
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266 DEBT so large, and so rich, adm
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268 DEBT (Mothers, and caregiving w
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270 DEBT promissory notes, as well
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272 DEBT in exactly the same situat
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274 DEBT that those coins be render
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276 DEBT About 900 a great man paid
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278 DEBT book-keeping along with se
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280 DEBT are realized, and the succ
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282 DEBT Much of our free-market do
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284 DEBT give in to his entreaties.
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286 DEBT hope in recovering it, a l
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288 DEBT this regard. They insisted
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290 DEBT usually held that a mercha
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292 DEBT most famous for their comp
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294 DEBT out of trouble, as it were
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296 DEBT sublimated, romanticized i
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298 DEBT We can see the same tensio
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300 DEBT intellectual problem of th
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302 DEBT the left and right (someti
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304 DEBT effectively risk-free inve
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Chapter Eleven AGE OF THE GREAT CAP
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AGE OF THE GREAT CAPITALIST EMPIRES
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AG E OF THE GREAT CAPITALIST EMPIRE
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Chapter Twelve (1971-The Beginning
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 363 som
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 365 whi
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 367 val
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(1971-THE BEGINNING ... ) 369 of th
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 371 CHI
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 373 of
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(1971-THE BEGINNING ... ) 375 with
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 377 aro
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 379 red
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 381 epi
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 383 In
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 385 man
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 387 tru
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 389 tha
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 391 pri
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394 NOTES law in 18oo foundered; th
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396 NOTES people will continue to c
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398 NOTES resistance. The bi-metall
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400 NOTES In the case of the oldest
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402 NOTES 8. As I remarked earlier,
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404 NOTES brother charges another"
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406 NOTES business deal that appear
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408 NOTES 6r. This is one reason wh
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410 NOTES 22. On mourning war: Rich
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412 NOTES information on whether in
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414 NOTES not on the institution, w
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416 NOTES appear to have been made
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418 NOTES arbitrarily abused, but b
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420 NOTES over-lavish-generosity (s
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422 NOTES (198o:143; see Saller 198
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424 NOTES their neighborhood ignol'
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426 NOTES 3· Or, if one must be ev
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428 NOTES and employees" (ibid:205)
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430 NOTES only understands what is
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432 NOTES witnesses; how a surety o
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434 NOTES did believe in an endurin
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436 NOTES that the main effect of m
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438 NOTES to the merchant, but a di
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440 NOTES 121. It was a firm from C
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442 NOTES 149. Later still, as cash
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444 NOTES 5· Chinese historians co
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446 NOTES 43· Gold and silver were
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448 NOTES 74· Kindleberger 1984; B
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450 NOTES 106. Usually in order to
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452 NOTES 18. See dailybail.com/hom
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abraham, Roy Clive. 19
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 457 ---. 20or. Hacksil
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 459 ---. 1992. Everyda
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 461 Clavero, Bartolome
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 463 Douglas, Mary. 195
Page 473 and 474: BIBLIOGRAPHY 465 Federal Reserve Ba
Page 475 and 476: BIBLIOGRAPHY 467 ---. 2ooo. "The Ec
Page 477 and 478: BIBLIOGRAPHY 469 Grosz, Katarzyna.
Page 479 and 480: BIBLIOGRAPHY 471 Hopkins, Keith. 19
Page 481 and 482: BIBLIOGRAPHY 473 Jevons, W. Stanley
Page 483 and 484: BIBLIOGRAPHY 475 ---. 2.005. "The A
Page 485 and 486: BIBLIOGRAPHY 477 Littlefield, Henry
Page 487 and 488: BIBLIOGRAPHY 479 Miller, Joseph. 19
Page 489 and 490: BIBLIOGRAPHY 481 ---. 2005. Manu's
Page 491 and 492: BIBLIOGRAPHY 483 Puett, Michael J.
Page 493 and 494: BIBLIOGRAPHY 485 ---. 2007. "The Mo
Page 495 and 496: BIBLIOGRAPHY 487 ---. 1990. Road to
Page 497 and 498: BIBLIOGRAPHY 489 Uebach, Helga. 2oo
Page 499 and 500: BIBLIOGRAPHY 491 Whitaker, C. W. A.
Page 501 and 502: INDEX A Abbasid Caliphate, 169, 272
Page 503 and 504: INDEX 495 Bank of England creation
Page 505 and 506: INDEX 497 on "redemption," 80-8 1 R
Page 507 and 508: INDEX 499 Charlemagne, King, 48-51
Page 509 and 510: INDEX 501 sous, French, 48, 395n28,
Page 511 and 512: INDEX 503 Da Republica (Bodin), 329
Page 513 and 514: INDEX 505 Die Wibelungen (Wagner),
Page 515 and 516: INDEX 507 market economies, emergen
Page 517 and 518: INDEX 509 G Gabon, 16 Galey, Jean-C
Page 519 and 520: INDEX 511 Greek elemental system, 2
Page 521 and 522: INDEX 513 "hundred schools" of phil
Page 523: INDEX 515 princes proverb in, 273,
Page 527 and 528: INDEX 519 merchants in Christrianit
Page 529 and 530: INDEX 521 negative views of, 290, 4
Page 531 and 532: INDEX 523 pawns/pawnship debt pawns
Page 533 and 534: INDEX 525 pseudo-Dionysius, 442n155
Page 535 and 536: INDEX 527 Seaford, Richard, 244-247
Page 537 and 538: INDEX 529 capitalism and, 379 langu
Page 539 and 540: INDEX 531 Testart, Alain, 409n6, 41
Page 541 and 542: INDEX 533 feast, gift exchange and,
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