Debt: The First 5000 Years - autonomous learning

More documents

Recommendations

Info

494 INDEX Annikeris, 197, 421n90 Antony, Marc, 418-419n73 Aceoka, Emperor, 249, 252-253 apeiron (the unlimited), 245 "apostolic poverty," 290 "appreciate," etymology of, 408n63 apreitiare (to set a price), 408n63 Aquinas, Thomas, 251, 286, 299, 304, 407n60, 438n92, 441n147, 446n5 1 Aquitaine, Eleanor of, 294 Arabic terminology ruq'a (notes), 275 sakk (checks), 275 sharika al-mafalis (partnership of the penniless), 276 Aramaic language, 178 Aramaic terminology, hoyween (debt), 403n25 Argentina collapse of economy in, 37 default on international debt, 369 aristocracy indebtedness of, 23 1, 427n28 superiority, notions of, 112-113, 406- 407n44 Aristotle Baghdad Aristoteleans, 271 on barter systems, 394n6 Constitution of the Athenians, 187, 417n58 Constitution of the Megarians, 419n75 on Greek state, 427n17 On Interpretation, 442n151 on moneylending, 440n123 Nicomachean Ethics, 43 1n78, 438n92, 440n123, 441n147, 442n 153, 446n51 on origins of money, 24 Politics, 24, 394n6, 418n60, 420n81, 422n112, 427n 17, 440n123 Aro Confederacy, 152, 163, 412nn65--67 Arrighi, Giovanni, 49n88, 445n21 Arthasasatra (Kautilya), 50, 233-234, 240, 432n15 Arthur, King, 293, 441n137 Aru Islands, 347, 349 Ascent of Money (Ferguson), 389 Asoka, Emporer, 234-235, 249, 252-253 Assyrian law codes, 417n53 on prostitution, 184 Astronomy (Smith), 396n3 Athens. See Greece Atlantic, <strong>The</strong>, 393nll Atlantic Slave Trade. See slave trade Atwood, Margaret, 92, 378, 404n5 Augustine, Saint, 332, 446n59 Augustinian traditions, 332, 430n69, 443n168, 446n59 Augustin the Executioner, 325 Augustus, 287, 418-419n73, 450n116 Aurelius, Marcus, 243 Australia Gunwinggu people, 30-33, 35, 127, 415n3 1 Maori people, 108, 116 Axial Age in China, 235-237 coins, origins of, 225-226 in Egypt, 226 in Greece, 228-232 in India, 232-235 materialism, pursuit of profits and, 237-242 merceneries as currency, 226, 426n 11 overview, 223-228 religious thought in, 223-226 rise of coinage in, 214 warfare during, 230-23 1 "Axis of Evil," 451n14 Aztec people European conquest of, 314-315, 3 17, 325-326, 355-357 games of, 356 Moctezuma, 355-357 B Babylonia. See Mesopotamia Baghdad Aristoteleans, 271 bailouts, financial for corporations, 16-17, 381, 393nll mortgage relief funds, 394nl3 (Chap. 1) threat to democracy and, 17, 394n13 (Chap. 1) Bakenranef, Pharaoh, 219, 403n29 Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, 444n20 Bali, slave trade in, 156-158, 158, 163, 413n88 Banaji, 427n3 1 Bangladesh, microcredit in, 379-380
INDEX 495 Bank of England creation of, 339-340, 372, 449n87, 451n8 debt monetization and, 452n18 growth of, 342 loans and, 344, 365, 44H50n87 money, printing of, 339, 452n18 money theories and, 45, 49, 397n16 politics and, 342-343 Banking Law Journal, 40 banknotes. See paper money bankruptcy causes of, 379 in France, 359 national bankruptcy, 359, 450n114 bankruptcy laws in England, 359, 393n12, 450n113 in U.S., 16, 379, 381, 393-394nn12-13, 394n13 (Chap. 1) bankruptcy reform, 16, 393-394nn12-13 banks/banking systems conspiracy theories about, 363-364 financial crisis of 2008 and, 15-17, 372, 393nll global monetary systems, 368-369 "go-go banking," 2 in Greece, 227, 426n12 Islamic law on, 275-280, 436-437nn68-74 in Italy, 291-292, 440n132 in medieval Europe, 291-292, 440n132 modern banking systems, 448n87 "primitive banking," 448n75 private bank notes, 338, 448n75, 449n102 "proto-banks," 435n54 proverbs about, 1 See also central banks; Federal Reserve Bank Banque Royal (France), 342 barbarian coins, 252, 43 1n1 "Barbarian Law Codes," 60, 77, 128, 172, 252 Barbarossa, Frederick, 441nn143 Barbon, Nicholas, 448n81 Bardi, 291 bargaining customs bazaars, haggling in, 102-104 in Islam, 279-280, 329, 438n88 in Java, 102 in Madagascar, 104 bar tabs, 18, 38, 40, 47, 85, 269, 327 barter, myth of continued belief in, 43-45, 396n1 dispelling, 33-41, 36-38, 395n24 overview, 52-62 role in society, 386 Smith on utopian barter economy, 22-24, 34-36, 46, 374, 383-384, 385 barter systems Aristotle on, 24, 394n6 division of labor and, 25-26 "double coincidence of wants," 22-23, 34, 36 economists' views of, 22-28, 28, 36- 38, 395n24 exchange, mental function and, 25-26, 394n9 hospitality values and, 29-34 labor, division of and, 25-26 negative views about, 291 origins of money and, 21, 29, 394n14, 394nn14-16 overview, 22-24, 32-33 sociality in, 29-33 violence and, 32, 395n21 vs. using money, 22-24, 44-45, 396n6 women's role in, 29-30, 394n15, 395nn15 barter systems, types of adal-badal (give and take), 33-34 in Africa, 24, 35, 394n7 in the Americas, 24, 394n7 ceremonial barter, 333, 35, 127, 395n18, 395n21, 415n3 1 gift economies, 36, 90, 108 Gunwinggu people, 333, 35, 127, 415n3 1 Inuit people, 114-1 16, 407n46 in Islam, 279-281, 438n88 Kalahari Bushmen, 35 Kwakiutl potlatches, 396n1 in Madagascar, 28 Nambikwara people, 29-30, 32-33, 35, 127, 410n22 Native American systems of exchange, 25, 394n10 in Oceania, 394n7
Page 3:
DEBT
Page 6 and 7:
© 2011 David Graeber First Melvill
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter One ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MO
Page 11 and 12:
ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFUSIO
Page 13 and 14:
ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFU.S
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
ON THE EX PERIEN CE OF MORAL CONFUS
Page 27:
Page 30 and 31:
22 DEBT that there is something ver
Page 32 and 33:
24 DEBT can make them both happier.
Page 34 and 35:
26 DEBT so many examples, we have a
Page 36 and 37:
28 DEBT "The economy" is where we i
Page 38 and 39:
30 DEBT aside their weapons to sing
Page 40 and 41:
32 DEBT Then visltlng men of one mo
Page 42 and 43:
34 DEBT palm off the faulty object
Page 44 and 45:
36 DEBT The message is conveyed, an
Page 46 and 47:
38 DEBT In the early days of the Ne
Page 48 and 49:
40 DEBT independently) were among t
Page 51 and 52:
Chapter Three PRIMORDIAL DEBTS In b
Page 53 and 54:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 45 barter systems.
Page 55 and 56:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 47 circulating aro
Page 57 and 58:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 49 Modern banknote
Page 59 and 60:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 51 language of the
Page 61 and 62:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 53 families such a
Page 63 and 64:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 55 Neither was Key
Page 65 and 66:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 57 Sacrifice (and
Page 67 and 68:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 59 For instance, I
Page 69 and 70:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 61 abundantly clea
Page 71 and 72:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 63 interest-bearin
Page 73 and 74:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 65 were in financi
Page 75 and 76:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 67 pay a debt to s
Page 77 and 78:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 69 be possible to
Page 79:
PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 71 The problem is
Page 82 and 83:
74 DEBT Persian government probably
Page 84 and 85:
76 DEBT To illustrate, let me call
Page 86 and 87:
78 DEBT In other words, for Nietzsc
Page 88 and 89:
80 DEBT to think about our relation
Page 90 and 91:
82 DEBT slate" edict-having himself
Page 92 and 93:
84 DEBT humans-in this particular c
Page 94 and 95:
86 DEBT It's particularly striking
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter Five A BRIEF TREATISE ON TH
Page 99 and 100:
THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELA
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELAT
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELAT
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter Six GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT
Page 137 and 138:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 12 9 off
Page 139 and 140:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 1 Mone
Page 141 and 142:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 3 more
Page 143 and 144:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 5 a fi
Page 145 and 146:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 7 Bloo
Page 147 and 148:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 9 whil
Page 149 and 150:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 1 you:
Page 151 and 152:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 14 3 affai
Page 153 and 154:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 5 This
Page 155 and 156:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 7 pres
Page 157 and 158:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 14 9 into
Page 159 and 160:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 15 1 On ar
Page 161 and 162:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 153 always
Page 163 and 164:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 15 5 chai
Page 165 and 166:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 157 dream
Page 167 and 168:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 159 the c
Page 169 and 170:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 161 Anthro
Page 171 and 172:
GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 16 3 I me
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter Seven HONOR AND DEGRADATI O
Page 175 and 176:
HONOR AND DEGRADAT ION 16 7 Readers
Page 177 and 178:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 169 eliminate
Page 179 and 180:
HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 171 all know
Page 181 and 182:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 17 3 sacrosan
Page 183 and 184:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 17 5 her fath
Page 185 and 186:
HONOR AND DEGRADAT ION 17 7 The wor
Page 187 and 188:
HONOR AND DEGRADAT I ON 17 9 scale
Page 189 and 190:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 1 The most
Page 191 and 192:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 3 to which
Page 193 and 194:
HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 18 5 that th
Page 195 and 196:
HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 18 7 Greek c
Page 197 and 198:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 9 imaginar
Page 199 and 200:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 19 1 hierarch
Page 201 and 202:
HO NOR AND DEGRADATION 19 3 day the
Page 203 and 204:
HONO R AND DEGRA DATION 195 enforce
Page 205 and 206:
HO NO R AND DEGRADATION 197 succeed
Page 207 and 208:
HONO R AND DEGRADAT IO N 199 that i
Page 209 and 210:
HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 201 or "hous
Page 211 and 212:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 203 century A
Page 213 and 214:
HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 205 noble cl
Page 215 and 216:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 207 ourselves
Page 217 and 218:
HONOR AND DEGRADATION 209 lifted fr
Page 219 and 220:
Chapter Eight CREDIT VERSUS BULLION
Page 221 and 222:
CREDIT VE R SUS BULL I ON 213 From
Page 223 and 224:
CREDIT VE RSUS BULLION 215 could ci
Page 225 and 226:
CREDIT VERSUS BULLION 217 abolished
Page 227 and 228:
CREDIT VE RSUS BULL I ON 219 By the
Page 229:
CREDIT VE R SUS BULLION 221 Other v
Page 232 and 233:
224 DEBT with ascetics and sages fl
Page 234 and 235:
226 DEBT to say; it was removed fro
Page 236 and 237:
228 DEBT Carthage lasted longer, bu
Page 238 and 239:
230 DEBT invading army; and ancient
Page 240 and 241:
232 DEBT So that they laugh at thos
Page 242 and 243:
234 DEBT brought under government c
Page 244 and 245:
236 DEBT and peasant leader named L
Page 246 and 247:
238 DEBT appear in all the same tim
Page 248 and 249:
240 DEBT Lti adopted the prince's c
Page 250 and 251:
242 DEBT His conclusion: if one cou
Page 252 and 253:
244 DEBT Once, waiting to assess th
Page 254 and 255:
246 DEBT fees, or legal penalties.
Page 256 and 257:
248 DEBT supreme being, or whether
Page 258 and 259:
250 DEBT As for the religious movem
Page 260 and 261:
252 DEBT abandoned and the economy
Page 262 and 263:
254 DEBT ends by saying that this w
Page 264 and 265:
256 DEBT Hindu temples alone must h
Page 266 and 267:
258 DEBT China: Buddhism and the Ec
Page 268 and 269:
260 DEBT "the market"-owing to the
Page 270 and 271:
262 DEBT of the illusory nature of
Page 272 and 273:
264 DEBT act of breastfeeding, the
Page 274 and 275:
266 DEBT so large, and so rich, adm
Page 276 and 277:
268 DEBT (Mothers, and caregiving w
Page 278 and 279:
270 DEBT promissory notes, as well
Page 280 and 281:
272 DEBT in exactly the same situat
Page 282 and 283:
274 DEBT that those coins be render
Page 284 and 285:
276 DEBT About 900 a great man paid
Page 286 and 287:
278 DEBT book-keeping along with se
Page 288 and 289:
280 DEBT are realized, and the succ
Page 290 and 291:
282 DEBT Much of our free-market do
Page 292 and 293:
284 DEBT give in to his entreaties.
Page 294 and 295:
286 DEBT hope in recovering it, a l
Page 296 and 297:
288 DEBT this regard. They insisted
Page 298 and 299:
290 DEBT usually held that a mercha
Page 300 and 301:
292 DEBT most famous for their comp
Page 302 and 303:
294 DEBT out of trouble, as it were
Page 304 and 305:
296 DEBT sublimated, romanticized i
Page 306 and 307:
298 DEBT We can see the same tensio
Page 308 and 309:
300 DEBT intellectual problem of th
Page 310 and 311:
302 DEBT the left and right (someti
Page 312 and 313:
304 DEBT effectively risk-free inve
Page 315 and 316:
Chapter Eleven AGE OF THE GREAT CAP
Page 317 and 318:
AGE OF THE GREAT CAPITALIST EMPIRES
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
AG E OF THE GREAT CAPITALIST EMPIRE
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Chapter Twelve (1971-The Beginning
Page 371 and 372:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 363 som
Page 373 and 374:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 365 whi
Page 375 and 376:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 367 val
Page 377 and 378:
(1971-THE BEGINNING ... ) 369 of th
Page 379 and 380:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 371 CHI
Page 381 and 382:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 373 of
Page 383 and 384:
(1971-THE BEGINNING ... ) 375 with
Page 385 and 386:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 377 aro
Page 387 and 388:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 379 red
Page 389 and 390:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 381 epi
Page 391 and 392:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 383 In
Page 393 and 394:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 385 man
Page 395 and 396:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 387 tru
Page 397 and 398:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 389 tha
Page 399:
(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 391 pri
Page 402 and 403:
394 NOTES law in 18oo foundered; th
Page 404 and 405:
396 NOTES people will continue to c
Page 406 and 407:
398 NOTES resistance. The bi-metall
Page 408 and 409:
400 NOTES In the case of the oldest
Page 410 and 411:
402 NOTES 8. As I remarked earlier,
Page 412 and 413:
404 NOTES brother charges another"
Page 414 and 415:
406 NOTES business deal that appear
Page 416 and 417:
408 NOTES 6r. This is one reason wh
Page 418 and 419:
410 NOTES 22. On mourning war: Rich
Page 420 and 421:
412 NOTES information on whether in
Page 422 and 423:
414 NOTES not on the institution, w
Page 424 and 425:
416 NOTES appear to have been made
Page 426 and 427:
418 NOTES arbitrarily abused, but b
Page 428 and 429:
420 NOTES over-lavish-generosity (s
Page 430 and 431:
422 NOTES (198o:143; see Saller 198
Page 432 and 433:
424 NOTES their neighborhood ignol'
Page 434 and 435:
426 NOTES 3· Or, if one must be ev
Page 436 and 437:
428 NOTES and employees" (ibid:205)
Page 438 and 439:
430 NOTES only understands what is
Page 440 and 441:
432 NOTES witnesses; how a surety o
Page 442 and 443:
434 NOTES did believe in an endurin
Page 444 and 445:
436 NOTES that the main effect of m
Page 446 and 447:
438 NOTES to the merchant, but a di
Page 448 and 449:
440 NOTES 121. It was a firm from C
Page 450 and 451:
442 NOTES 149. Later still, as cash
Page 452 and 453: 444 NOTES 5· Chinese historians co
Page 454 and 455: 446 NOTES 43· Gold and silver were
Page 456 and 457: 448 NOTES 74· Kindleberger 1984; B
Page 458 and 459: 450 NOTES 106. Usually in order to
Page 460 and 461: 452 NOTES 18. See dailybail.com/hom
Page 463 and 464: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abraham, Roy Clive. 19
Page 465 and 466: BIBLIOGRAPHY 457 ---. 20or. Hacksil
Page 467 and 468: BIBLIOGRAPHY 459 ---. 1992. Everyda
Page 469 and 470: BIBLIOGRAPHY 461 Clavero, Bartolome
Page 471 and 472: BIBLIOGRAPHY 463 Douglas, Mary. 195
Page 473 and 474: BIBLIOGRAPHY 465 Federal Reserve Ba
Page 475 and 476: BIBLIOGRAPHY 467 ---. 2ooo. "The Ec
Page 477 and 478: BIBLIOGRAPHY 469 Grosz, Katarzyna.
Page 479 and 480: BIBLIOGRAPHY 471 Hopkins, Keith. 19
Page 481 and 482: BIBLIOGRAPHY 473 Jevons, W. Stanley
Page 483 and 484: BIBLIOGRAPHY 475 ---. 2.005. "The A
Page 485 and 486: BIBLIOGRAPHY 477 Littlefield, Henry
Page 487 and 488: BIBLIOGRAPHY 479 Miller, Joseph. 19
Page 489 and 490: BIBLIOGRAPHY 481 ---. 2005. Manu's
Page 491 and 492: BIBLIOGRAPHY 483 Puett, Michael J.
Page 493 and 494: BIBLIOGRAPHY 485 ---. 2007. "The Mo
Page 495 and 496: BIBLIOGRAPHY 487 ---. 1990. Road to
Page 497 and 498: BIBLIOGRAPHY 489 Uebach, Helga. 2oo
Page 499 and 500: BIBLIOGRAPHY 491 Whitaker, C. W. A.
Page 501: INDEX A Abbasid Caliphate, 169, 272
Page 505 and 506: INDEX 497 on "redemption," 80-8 1 R
Page 507 and 508: INDEX 499 Charlemagne, King, 48-51
Page 509 and 510: INDEX 501 sous, French, 48, 395n28,
Page 511 and 512: INDEX 503 Da Republica (Bodin), 329
Page 513 and 514: INDEX 505 Die Wibelungen (Wagner),
Page 515 and 516: INDEX 507 market economies, emergen
Page 517 and 518: INDEX 509 G Gabon, 16 Galey, Jean-C
Page 519 and 520: INDEX 511 Greek elemental system, 2
Page 521 and 522: INDEX 513 "hundred schools" of phil
Page 523 and 524: INDEX 515 princes proverb in, 273,
Page 525 and 526: INDEX 517 societal hierarchies in,
Page 527 and 528: INDEX 519 merchants in Christrianit
Page 529 and 530: INDEX 521 negative views of, 290, 4
Page 531 and 532: INDEX 523 pawns/pawnship debt pawns
Page 533 and 534: INDEX 525 pseudo-Dionysius, 442n155
Page 535 and 536: INDEX 527 Seaford, Richard, 244-247
Page 537 and 538: INDEX 529 capitalism and, 379 langu
Page 539 and 540: INDEX 531 Testart, Alain, 409n6, 41
Page 541 and 542: INDEX 533 feast, gift exchange and,
show all

Debt: The First 5000 Years - autonomous learning

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?