Debt: The First 5000 Years - autonomous learning

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© 2011 David Graeber First Melville House Printing: May 2011 Melville House Publishing 145 Plymouth Street Brooklyn, New York 11201 mhpbooks.com ISBN: 978-1-933633-86-2 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Graeber, David. Debt : the first 5,000 years I David Graeber. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-933633-86-2 (alk. paper) 1. Debt-History. 2. Money-History. 3. Financial crises-History. I. Title. HG370l.G73 2010 332-dc22 2010044508
CONTENTS 1 On The Experience of Moral Confusion 2 The Myth of Barter 3 Primordial Debts 4 Cruelty and Redemption 21 43 73 s A Brief Treatise on the Moral Grounds of Economic Relations 89 6 Games with Sex and Death 127 1 Honor and Degradation, or, On the Foundations of Contemporary Civilization 165 s Credit Versus Bullion, And the Cycles of History 211 9 The Axial Age (800 BC-600 AD) 223 10 The Middle Ages (600 AD-1450 AD) 251 11 Age of the Great Capitalist Empires (1450-1971) 307 12 (1971-The Beginning of Something Yet to Be Determined) Notes Bibliography Index 361 393 455 493
Page 3: DEBT
Page 9 and 10: Chapter One ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MO
Page 11 and 12: ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFUSIO
Page 13 and 14: ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFU.S
Page 25 and 26: ON THE EX PERIEN CE OF MORAL CONFUS
Page 27: ON THE EXPERIENCE OF MORAL CONFUSIO
Page 30 and 31: 22 DEBT that there is something ver
Page 32 and 33: 24 DEBT can make them both happier.
Page 34 and 35: 26 DEBT so many examples, we have a
Page 36 and 37: 28 DEBT "The economy" is where we i
Page 38 and 39: 30 DEBT aside their weapons to sing
Page 40 and 41: 32 DEBT Then visltlng men of one mo
Page 42 and 43: 34 DEBT palm off the faulty object
Page 44 and 45: 36 DEBT The message is conveyed, an
Page 46 and 47: 38 DEBT In the early days of the Ne
Page 48 and 49: 40 DEBT independently) were among t
Page 51 and 52: Chapter Three PRIMORDIAL DEBTS In b
Page 53 and 54: PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 45 barter systems.
Page 55 and 56: PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 47 circulating aro
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 49 Modern banknote
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 51 language of the
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 53 families such a
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 55 Neither was Key
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 57 Sacrifice (and
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 59 For instance, I
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 61 abundantly clea
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 63 interest-bearin
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 65 were in financi
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 67 pay a debt to s
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 69 be possible to
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PRIMORDIAL DEBTS 71 The problem is
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74 DEBT Persian government probably
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76 DEBT To illustrate, let me call
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78 DEBT In other words, for Nietzsc
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80 DEBT to think about our relation
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82 DEBT slate" edict-having himself
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84 DEBT humans-in this particular c
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86 DEBT It's particularly striking
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Chapter Five A BRIEF TREATISE ON TH
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THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELA
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THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELAT
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THE MORAL GROUNDS OF ECONOMIC RELAT
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Chapter Six GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 12 9 off
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 1 Mone
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 3 more
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 5 a fi
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 7 Bloo
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 13 9 whil
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 1 you:
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 14 3 affai
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 5 This
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 14 7 pres
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 14 9 into
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 15 1 On ar
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 153 always
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 15 5 chai
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 157 dream
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 159 the c
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEATH 161 Anthro
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GAMES WITH SEX AND DEAT H 16 3 I me
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Chapter Seven HONOR AND DEGRADATI O
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HONOR AND DEGRADAT ION 16 7 Readers
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 169 eliminate
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 171 all know
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 17 3 sacrosan
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 17 5 her fath
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HONOR AND DEGRADAT ION 17 7 The wor
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HONOR AND DEGRADAT I ON 17 9 scale
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 1 The most
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 3 to which
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 18 5 that th
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 18 7 Greek c
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 18 9 imaginar
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 19 1 hierarch
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HO NOR AND DEGRADATION 19 3 day the
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HONO R AND DEGRA DATION 195 enforce
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HO NO R AND DEGRADATION 197 succeed
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HONO R AND DEGRADAT IO N 199 that i
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 201 or "hous
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 203 century A
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HONOR AND DEGRADA TION 205 noble cl
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 207 ourselves
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HONOR AND DEGRADATION 209 lifted fr
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Chapter Eight CREDIT VERSUS BULLION
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CREDIT VE R SUS BULL I ON 213 From
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CREDIT VE RSUS BULLION 215 could ci
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CREDIT VERSUS BULLION 217 abolished
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CREDIT VE RSUS BULL I ON 219 By the
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CREDIT VE R SUS BULLION 221 Other v
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224 DEBT with ascetics and sages fl
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226 DEBT to say; it was removed fro
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228 DEBT Carthage lasted longer, bu
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230 DEBT invading army; and ancient
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232 DEBT So that they laugh at thos
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234 DEBT brought under government c
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236 DEBT and peasant leader named L
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238 DEBT appear in all the same tim
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240 DEBT Lti adopted the prince's c
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242 DEBT His conclusion: if one cou
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244 DEBT Once, waiting to assess th
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246 DEBT fees, or legal penalties.
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248 DEBT supreme being, or whether
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250 DEBT As for the religious movem
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252 DEBT abandoned and the economy
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254 DEBT ends by saying that this w
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256 DEBT Hindu temples alone must h
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258 DEBT China: Buddhism and the Ec
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260 DEBT "the market"-owing to the
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262 DEBT of the illusory nature of
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264 DEBT act of breastfeeding, the
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266 DEBT so large, and so rich, adm
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268 DEBT (Mothers, and caregiving w
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270 DEBT promissory notes, as well
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272 DEBT in exactly the same situat
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274 DEBT that those coins be render
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276 DEBT About 900 a great man paid
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278 DEBT book-keeping along with se
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280 DEBT are realized, and the succ
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282 DEBT Much of our free-market do
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284 DEBT give in to his entreaties.
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286 DEBT hope in recovering it, a l
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288 DEBT this regard. They insisted
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290 DEBT usually held that a mercha
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292 DEBT most famous for their comp
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294 DEBT out of trouble, as it were
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296 DEBT sublimated, romanticized i
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298 DEBT We can see the same tensio
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300 DEBT intellectual problem of th
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302 DEBT the left and right (someti
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304 DEBT effectively risk-free inve
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Chapter Eleven AGE OF THE GREAT CAP
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AGE OF THE GREAT CAPITALIST EMPIRES
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AG E OF THE GREAT CAPITALIST EMPIRE
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Chapter Twelve (1971-The Beginning
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 363 som
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 365 whi
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 367 val
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(1971-THE BEGINNING ... ) 369 of th
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 371 CHI
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 373 of
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(1971-THE BEGINNING ... ) 375 with
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 377 aro
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 379 red
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 381 epi
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 383 In
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 385 man
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 387 tru
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 389 tha
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(1971-THE BEGINNING . . . ) 391 pri
Page 402 and 403:
394 NOTES law in 18oo foundered; th
Page 404 and 405:
396 NOTES people will continue to c
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398 NOTES resistance. The bi-metall
Page 408 and 409:
400 NOTES In the case of the oldest
Page 410 and 411:
402 NOTES 8. As I remarked earlier,
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404 NOTES brother charges another"
Page 414 and 415:
406 NOTES business deal that appear
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408 NOTES 6r. This is one reason wh
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410 NOTES 22. On mourning war: Rich
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412 NOTES information on whether in
Page 422 and 423:
414 NOTES not on the institution, w
Page 424 and 425:
416 NOTES appear to have been made
Page 426 and 427:
418 NOTES arbitrarily abused, but b
Page 428 and 429:
420 NOTES over-lavish-generosity (s
Page 430 and 431:
422 NOTES (198o:143; see Saller 198
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424 NOTES their neighborhood ignol'
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426 NOTES 3· Or, if one must be ev
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428 NOTES and employees" (ibid:205)
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430 NOTES only understands what is
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432 NOTES witnesses; how a surety o
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434 NOTES did believe in an endurin
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436 NOTES that the main effect of m
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438 NOTES to the merchant, but a di
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440 NOTES 121. It was a firm from C
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442 NOTES 149. Later still, as cash
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444 NOTES 5· Chinese historians co
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446 NOTES 43· Gold and silver were
Page 456 and 457:
448 NOTES 74· Kindleberger 1984; B
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450 NOTES 106. Usually in order to
Page 460 and 461:
452 NOTES 18. See dailybail.com/hom
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abraham, Roy Clive. 19
Page 465 and 466:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 457 ---. 20or. Hacksil
Page 467 and 468:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 459 ---. 1992. Everyda
Page 469 and 470:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 461 Clavero, Bartolome
Page 471 and 472:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 463 Douglas, Mary. 195
Page 473 and 474:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 465 Federal Reserve Ba
Page 475 and 476:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 467 ---. 2ooo. "The Ec
Page 477 and 478:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 469 Grosz, Katarzyna.
Page 479 and 480:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 471 Hopkins, Keith. 19
Page 481 and 482:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 473 Jevons, W. Stanley
Page 483 and 484:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 475 ---. 2.005. "The A
Page 485 and 486:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 477 Littlefield, Henry
Page 487 and 488:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 479 Miller, Joseph. 19
Page 489 and 490:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 481 ---. 2005. Manu's
Page 491 and 492:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 483 Puett, Michael J.
Page 493 and 494:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 485 ---. 2007. "The Mo
Page 495 and 496:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 487 ---. 1990. Road to
Page 497 and 498:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 489 Uebach, Helga. 2oo
Page 499 and 500:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 491 Whitaker, C. W. A.
Page 501 and 502:
INDEX A Abbasid Caliphate, 169, 272
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INDEX 495 Bank of England creation
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INDEX 497 on "redemption," 80-8 1 R
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INDEX 499 Charlemagne, King, 48-51
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INDEX 501 sous, French, 48, 395n28,
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INDEX 503 Da Republica (Bodin), 329
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INDEX 505 Die Wibelungen (Wagner),
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INDEX 507 market economies, emergen
Page 517 and 518:
INDEX 509 G Gabon, 16 Galey, Jean-C
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INDEX 511 Greek elemental system, 2
Page 521 and 522:
INDEX 513 "hundred schools" of phil
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INDEX 515 princes proverb in, 273,
Page 525 and 526:
INDEX 517 societal hierarchies in,
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INDEX 519 merchants in Christrianit
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INDEX 521 negative views of, 290, 4
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INDEX 523 pawns/pawnship debt pawns
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INDEX 525 pseudo-Dionysius, 442n155
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INDEX 527 Seaford, Richard, 244-247
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INDEX 529 capitalism and, 379 langu
Page 539 and 540:
INDEX 531 Testart, Alain, 409n6, 41
Page 541 and 542:
INDEX 533 feast, gift exchange and,
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