Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp. illuatr. Mutual Security Agency, Washington, D. C. This pamphlet, written in popular style, treats briefly with the economy of Thailand, a program for health, rice production, new agricultural resources, transportation and industry, development of hydroelectric resources, and Thailand's contribution to mutual security. Le Cambodge moderne. k6 pp. Bar de Presse du Palais Royal. 1950. Direction de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (Cambodia). Bulletin mensuel de Statistique. Phnom-Penh. 195^. Archaruak, T. Papaya culture. Kasikorn 26 (3): 273-282. 1953. Aubreville, A. Au pays des aux et des forets - Impressions du Cambodge forestier. Bois et Forets des Tropiques. 52: 1*9-56. illustr. 1 map. March-April 1957. Written in non-technical style, this article presents the author's impressions of the forests of Cambodia. He describes in brief the inundated forest around Tonic* Sap and the basin of the Mekong River; and the trees lining the avenues in Phnom Penh, the capital, such as kokis (Hopea odorata), tamarind (Tarmarindus indica), cailcedrat (Khaya*neg'alensis) and mahogany (Swletenia maerophylla). The central part of Cambodia is covered with rice-fields, flanked to the northwest and southwest by high ranges of Cardamom and Elephant Mountains, separating Cambodia from Thailand. On red soils, especially around Kompong Cham, Kompong Thorn and elsewhere, a fine dense, moist forest once existed, but this was felled some years ago for the planting of Para" rubber tree (Hevfea brasiliensis). Moist Evergreen forest is now confined to the mountain region along the border with Thailand, in which dominant •trees are: Tetrameles nudiflora, Irv.lngia sp., Dipterocarpus dyeri, Hopea odorata and Anisoptera cochlnchinensis. The 2-needled pine "(Pinus merku'sii) is found occasionally in the loi/lands. The dense Dipterocarp forest along the Gulf of Thailand and in the Mekong plain, along with pine, resembles the deciduous forests of Africa in general appearance. This forest has long been exploited for commercial timber, especially Xylia dolabriformis and Shorea obtusa. Teak is not native to Cambodia. Auriol, R. F. Le riz etye*, sa preparation industrielle et ses sousproduits. Indochina. Insp. Gen. de 1'Agric., de 1'Eiev. et des Forets. Impr. A. Portail. 41 pp. Saigon. 1937. A stud.x oi' rice culture, its industrial processing and subproducts. Australian Institute of International Affairs. French-Indochina and the French colonies in the Pacific area. A.I.I.A. World Affairs Paper No. 2. 32 pp,
Avery, G. TJvaluating understory plant cotrer from aerial photographs. In Techniques and Methods of Measuring Understory Vegetation. Proceedings of t. .Symposium at Tifton, Georgia, Oct. 1958. pp. T9-8l. . Photographing forests from helicopters. Journal of Forestry 57 (5): 339-342, May 1959. . Recent trends in forest photogramraetry. Journal of Forestry &> (7): 459-460. July 1962. Bakltin, Y.V., and A. Imamliev. Physiological changes in fruit trees during chemical defoliation. Plant Physiology 6 (2): 202-206. March-April 1959. American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, D. C. Balankura, B. Introducing new insecticides. Kasikorn 23 (2): 9^-96. Bangkok. 1950. Ballard, G. Le probleme du riz en Cochinchine. Soc. d'Etudes et d 1 Inform. Econ. 39 pp. Paris. 1935. Bamrurigpol, K. The cost of growing dent corn at Ban Mai Samrong. Kasikorn 27 (4): 373-379. Bangkok. 195*1. Bandhuvibas, S. Why do we have to increase rubber planting area Kasikorn 26 (3): 283-290. Bangkok. 1953. Banerji, J. The Mangrove Forests of the Andamans. ^Toc. Fourth World Forestry Congress. 3: 425-428; 3 tables. Dehra Dun. 1954. Discusses in brief the following phases of this specialized forest type: physiognomy of mangrove forest; its general distribution; climate; floristic composition; fuel value of mangrove; mangrove poles; artificial regeneration; sjj.vicultural characters of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; method of felling; planting; qualities °^ Bruguiera poles; and classification of poles. The mangrove forests of the Andamans. Tropical Silviculture II, 319-324. FAO. Rone, 1957. Barnard, R. C. Linear regeneration sampling. Malayan Forester. 13. p. 129. 1950. ., and G.G.K. Setten. Investigation scheme for growth and increment studies in Johore mangrove forest. Malayan Forester 16 (4o). 1953. Barnett, E. C. Ihe Fagaceae of Thailand and their geographical distribution. Trans. Bot. Soc. (Edinburgh) 33 (3): 327-343..1 map. - 1942, A systematic treatment with keys to genera and species, but there is no separate treatment of species. 185
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
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Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). r^e length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
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Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
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These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
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17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
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Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
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Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
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Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
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PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
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^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
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Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
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Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
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Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
Page 151 and 152: Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
Page 153 and 154: Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
Page 155 and 156: **' r^- :^A'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
Page 157 and 158: Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
Page 159 and 160: Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
Page 161 and 162: Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
Page 163 and 164: 'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
Page 165 and 166: Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
Page 167 and 168: Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
Page 169 and 170: » •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
Page 171 and 172: Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
Page 173 and 174: L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
Page 175 and 176: Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
Page 177 and 178: if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
Page 179 and 180: Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
Page 181 and 182: Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
Page 183 and 184: Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
Page 185 and 186: Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
Page 187 and 188: Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
Page 189 and 190: Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
Page 191 and 192: .•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195: CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 196 and 197: The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199: . Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
Page 200 and 201: An annotated bibliography of the So
Page 204 and 205: Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
Page 206 and 207: development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209: Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211: Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213: Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215: Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217: Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219: . Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221: Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223: __ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225: Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
Page 226 and 227: in the Philippine Islands, launched
Page 228 and 229: Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
Page 230 and 231: arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233: Harvard .University Library. Indoch
Page 234 and 235: A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237: Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239: Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 244 and 245: Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr.
Page 246 and 247: peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253:
The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255:
Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
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is one of a series describing the n
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. Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261:
Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263:
This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265:
educed height growth. There was als
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may hold back even 20 percent of th
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an old name of the principal town,
Page 270 and 271:
Analyses of some Siamese laterites.
Page 272 and 273:
A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275:
Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277:
A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279:
. The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281:
Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
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a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285:
., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287:
Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
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woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 290 and 291:
Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found
Page 292 and 293:
Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295:
; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297:
experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299:
. World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301:
Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
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even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305:
Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
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G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309:
Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
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Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
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Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
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Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
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Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
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.'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
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Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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