Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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in the Philippine Islands, launched a study to develop a system of forest reconnaissance, suitable for use in the wet tropics. The system, developed by the Forest Department in the Federated Malay States, was the Strip Valuation Siu-vey, which involved careful recording and evaluation of map notes. It was found that a one percent evaluation gave a Very fair notion of the average composition of large areas. More detailed examination, was necessary of areas less than 10,000 acres, or where very elaborate and expensive systems of exploration were contemplated. The author described the method used in mapping; in recording evaluation of trees; detailed plan of work in the field; and progress made in Malaya up to 192U on the survey. A summary is given of reconnaissance vork carried out in British North Borneo and in the Malay Peninsula and the conclusions arrived at. Four tables are included, showing method of recording topographical notes; tree measurements; and statistics from block re - conr.aissance. « . Commercial Timber Trees of the Malay Peninsula. I-jtuayan Forest Records No. 3. 195 PP- illustr. 1 map. 1927. The timber trees of the Malay Peninsula are represented by many and imperfectly known species. The need for a manual for use by forest officers and others,, as an aid to identify the more important trees in the field, had long been felt. The purpose of this manual is to present in simple language, th'e distinguishing features for each tree-species. A concise summary is .given of the characters of each commercially useful tree. To accomplish this the author stressed the initial importance of becoming acquainted with the species furnishing timbers. Herbarium material made it possible to work out the botanical status of the respective species, as well as providing a great deal of information about their natural distribution and habitat. The relative and actual abundance of the different species was also determined. A comprehensive chart was prepared to show the known occurrence of the different commercial timbers in the various districts. Before treating with the general characteristics of individual tree species, the author furniched a brief discussion of the geography of the region, its climate, soil and topography; also a treatment of the types of forests of the Malay Peninsula and their specific composition. The forests of Malay may be roughly grouped into: littoral, lowland, and mountain or hill forests, eac.n of which may be separated into a series of subdivisions. There is a short list of references, particularly those furnishing descriptions of leaves, flowers ani forests. A key is given to the principal timber trees of the Malayan Peninsula 'for use in the forest, with emphasis on features most apparent in the field. Description of individual species follows a definite order of arrangement according to families, based on abundance as indicated by the enumeration survey. In each instance the common name most generally used, and alternate vernacular names, are given;
distribution; description as an aid to identify the tree in the field, based on Its habit, and such characters as the bark, leaves* flovers and fruit; seedlings, whenever available; products; sylviculture; illustrations of trees, and in some inst«aces close-up photographs of the bark, leaves, fruit and/or flowers. A general index of family, and botanical and vernacular names of the trees described completes the manual. Forest reconnaissance in Malaya. Emp. For. Joura. 22 pp. 192k. Commercial timber trees of the Malay Peninsula. Mai. For. Rec., No. 3- PP. 78-86. 1927. ., and D. M. Matthews. Mangrove and Nipa Swamps of British North Borneo. Govt. of Br. Borneo Dept. For. BuM. 3. 195 PP- 191. .Fromaget, J. Etudes ge*ologique de 1'Indochine 16 (2): 368 pp. 192. Etudes ge*ologiques svr lo nor-ouest du Tonkin et le nord du Haut-Laos. Bull, du Service Ge'ologique de 1'Indochine 23 (l): 153 PP. 1937. Frontou, G. Travaux sur la culture de la canne asucre au Vietnam. L'Agron. Trop. 5: 115-137. 1950. Furtado, C. X. Palmae Malesicae: VIII. - The Genus Licuala in the Malay Peninsula. Gard.. Bull. Straits Settlement 11: 31-73. 9 figs. 19UO. Includes Thailand species with mention of range. Gagnepain, F. J. B. Louis Pierre (1833-1905). Notice necrologique. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) k (8): 19-21. 1906. Includes a bibliography of the writings of this pioneer plant explorer who worked in Thailand and Indochina, Un genre me connu: classification des Cissus et Cayratia. Not. Syst. (Paris) 1: 339-362. 191.1. Cites a few Thailand specimens. _ . Arace*es nouvelles Iridochinoises. Not. Syst. (Paris) 9: 116-lUo. Describes many new species from Thailand. . Introduction. In: H. Lecomte, Flore gene'rale de I'Indochine. __ Tome pre*l.J.minaire. pp. 13-19. Contains a discussion of vegetation and forests of .Indochina. Gaide, L. Les Stations climatiques en Indochine. Impr. d'Extrerae- Orient. h$ pp. 1930. 209
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
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Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). r^e length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
Page 87 and 88:
Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
Page 95 and 96:
These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
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17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
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Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
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Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
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Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
Page 117 and 118:
PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
Page 119 and 120:
^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
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Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
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Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
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Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
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Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
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Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
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**' r^- :^A'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
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Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
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Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
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Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
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'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
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Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
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» •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
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Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
Page 173 and 174:
L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
Page 175 and 176: Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
Page 177 and 178: if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
Page 179 and 180: Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
Page 181 and 182: Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
Page 183 and 184: Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
Page 185 and 186: Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
Page 187 and 188: Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
Page 189 and 190: Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
Page 191 and 192: .•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195: CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 196 and 197: The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199: . Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
Page 200 and 201: An annotated bibliography of the So
Page 202 and 203: East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp.
Page 204 and 205: Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
Page 206 and 207: development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209: Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211: Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213: Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215: Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217: Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219: . Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221: Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223: __ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225: Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
Page 228 and 229: Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
Page 230 and 231: arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233: Harvard .University Library. Indoch
Page 234 and 235: A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237: Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239: Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 244 and 245: Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr.
Page 246 and 247: peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253: The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255: Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
Page 256 and 257: is one of a series describing the n
Page 258 and 259: . Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261: Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263: This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265: educed height growth. There was als
Page 266 and 267: may hold back even 20 percent of th
Page 268 and 269: an old name of the principal town,
Page 270 and 271: Analyses of some Siamese laterites.
Page 272 and 273: A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275: Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277:
A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279:
. The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281:
Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
Page 282 and 283:
a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285:
., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287:
Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
Page 288 and 289:
woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 290 and 291:
Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found
Page 292 and 293:
Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295:
; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297:
experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299:
. World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301:
Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
Page 302 and 303:
even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305:
Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
Page 306 and 307:
G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309:
Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
Page 310 and 311:
Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
Page 312 and 313:
Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
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Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
Page 316 and 317:
Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
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.'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
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Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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