Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok to Arikor Wat in western Cambodia. The authors recognize five principal forest types in northwestern Thailand. Structure of .forest coromunities uas analyzed with special . reference to stratification and dispersal of individuals and species. literature cited contains 64 titles. Klayanasuta, W. Banana, var. Kluey Horn Thong. Kasikorn '26 (3): 301-306. 1953- Koenig, J.G. Journal of a voyage from India to Siara and Malacca in 1779. Journ. Sti% Br. Roy. Asiat. Goc. 26: 58-201; 2: 57-103- Includes many botanical observations; This is translated fit on his manuscripts in the British Museum, with a biographical introduction. . Voyage to Siaa, 1778-79- Koenig's manuscripts at Nat. Hist. Mus. London. 3: 59-113; 13: 1-U2. . Autograph Journal of Koenig's voyages, with lists and descriptions of East Indian (including Siam and Malacca) plants, auimals and a few minerals. 21 vols. German & Latin. 1769-05. This title is taken frc*n the Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts, Maps and Drawings in the British Museuri (Natural History) 2: if __ . Descriptions plantarum et animalium in itinere Siam. Koenig's manuscripts in Nat. Hist. Mus. London k: 1-5^. 1779. Xranzlin, F. Einige neue Orchidaceen. Report, Sp. Nov. Fedde 7: 38- ) (-l. 1909 İncludes file is boma fuerstenbergianutii n. sp, from Siam. __ . Sine neue Calantha (C_, hosseusiana) aus Giam. Repert. Sp. Ifov. Fedde 7: 82-83. 1909, Based on Hosseus' collection. _ . Cyrtandreae quaedam novae. Repert Sp. Nov. Fedde 2't-: 21^-223. 1928 İncludes Aes chynan thus hosseusiana (n. sp.) from Siam. Kridakara, M.C.G. Peanut at Ban£ Bird Farm. Kasikorn 23 (5): 358-371. 1950. Krishnnswamy, V.f>. Problems of silviculture and rcanagement of mangrove forests of India. Pnper presented to the .Second Sessic;;. Asia- Pacific Forestry Commission, Singapore. 19'- ; 2. Silviculture - Natural! regeneration including artificial supplementation - Tropica]. Paper presented to the Sixth British Commonwealth Forestry Conference, Canada. 10 pp. 1952. 228
Kulthongkuaffl, S. Preliminary report on use of 2, 1 (~D in preventing shedding of cotton bolls. Kasikorn 23 (**•): 258-262. 1950. _., arei S. Thongpanchang. Rate of seeding green gram (Mu&go bean)., •' Kasitortt 23 (3): 160-163. 1950. Kurz, 3. l&jk-jj. Contributions toward a knowledge of the Burmese flora. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. Part, 1. h2 (2): 39-1^1. 18^. Part II. W (2): 128-190. 185; ^5 (2): 204-310. 1876: k-6 (2): 1+9-258. l87. A critical treatment trithout species descriptions. . Forest flora of British Burma. 2 volumes. Calcutta. 1; i-xxx. 1-5^9; 2: 1-613. Calcutta. 1877. A basic flora of Burma. Ladejinsky, W. I. Thailand's Agricultural Economy. Foreign Agriculture. 6 (5): 165-18'+. U.S.D.A. May 19^2. The economy of practically all the countries in the Far Eaot and in Southeast Asia is essentially agricultural. Thailand is no exception. Whereas the agricultural economy of a great number of them is diversified, that of Thailan^ is not. Thailand is essentially a one-crop country, and rice is the crop. More than 90 percent of all the cultivated acreage is under rice, which is also the country's principal export product. The large rice output insures the people sufficient food, since rice is the principal item in the diet. It rust toe noted, however, that while in Asia the absence of famine is often an indication of a fair standard of living, it is not so in Thailand. The technique of farming there, the disposition of the output-, and conditions under which many natives cultivate the land are characterized by features that spell a low standard of living. A "forief review is given of the physical background of Thailand; its people; population density; agriculture; living standards; taxation and income; land ownership and tenancy; land utilization; --nth a suEsaary and conclusions. I^m, II. J. The Sapotaceae, Garcospertaaceae and Doerlagellaceae of the Dutch East Indies and' surrounding countries (Malay Peninsula and Phillispine Islands). Bull. Jard. Bot. (Buitenzorg) Ser. Ill, 7 (l-2)r 1-289. f. 1-65. 1920. Includes Thai species. . .Further studies on Malayan Sapotaceae, I. Bull. Jard. Bot. CBuitenzorg) Ser. Ill, 8 (M: 38l-^- 29 figs. 1 table. June 1927. Includes citation of 'fhai specimens. This is a concise revijion of an «arlier paper that did not mention collections from Thailand. ..^ •_ .• *he Burseraceae of the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula, with annotations concerning extra-Malayan species especially of Dacryodes,
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
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Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). r^e length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
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Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
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These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
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17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
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Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
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Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
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Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
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PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
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^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
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Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
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Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
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Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
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Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
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Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
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**' r^- :^A'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
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Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
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Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
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Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
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'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
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Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
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Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
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» •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
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Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
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L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
Page 175 and 176:
Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
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if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
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Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
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Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
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Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
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Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
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Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
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Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
Page 191 and 192:
.•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195:
CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 196 and 197: The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199: . Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
Page 200 and 201: An annotated bibliography of the So
Page 202 and 203: East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp.
Page 204 and 205: Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
Page 206 and 207: development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209: Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211: Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213: Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215: Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217: Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219: . Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221: Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223: __ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225: Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
Page 226 and 227: in the Philippine Islands, launched
Page 228 and 229: Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
Page 230 and 231: arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233: Harvard .University Library. Indoch
Page 234 and 235: A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237: Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239: Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 244 and 245: Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr.
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253: The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255: Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
Page 256 and 257: is one of a series describing the n
Page 258 and 259: . Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261: Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263: This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265: educed height growth. There was als
Page 266 and 267: may hold back even 20 percent of th
Page 268 and 269: an old name of the principal town,
Page 270 and 271: Analyses of some Siamese laterites.
Page 272 and 273: A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275: Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277: A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279: . The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281: Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
Page 282 and 283: a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285: ., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287: Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
Page 288 and 289: woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 290 and 291: Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found
Page 292 and 293: Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295: ; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297:
experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299:
. World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301:
Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
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even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305:
Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
Page 306 and 307:
G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309:
Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
Page 310 and 311:
Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
Page 312 and 313:
Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
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Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
Page 316 and 317:
Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
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.'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
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Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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