Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr. Hook. Icon. PI. 35: pi. . Occurs in Thailand. ' ( The genera Hydnocarpus and Tarctktogenos in 3iam. The Record (Thailand) Techn. & Sci. Suppl 7: 1-16 1 5 pi. Contains an introduction and a review of species, including Z* pla- v ipe"tala and T. ilicifolia transferred from Hydnocarpus, with keys. Also includes notes on the chemistry of Hydnocarpus and Taraktogorios oils by A, Marcan; and notes on clinical benefits from the use of oil of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica by J.W. McKean. _ ;. Between 1923 and 1933 A.F.G. Kerr, the well-known investigator of Thai botany, published anonymously reports of field trips undertaken by himself and his party thro\jgh many important regions of Thailand. About 18 such reports appeared in rhe Record, published by the Ministry of Commerce, Bangkok. Notes on the flora and on . landuse of the regions investigated are of much interest, but there is seldom any mention of the nature of the soil. Kew, Royal Botanic Garden.. Decades Kev^nses Plantai-ura novarum in Herbario Horti Regii conservatorura r*ecades XV - XIX. Kew Bull. Misc, Inf, 102-120. 3.895. 357-362. 1909. 19-22;; LVIII 275-280; 38l-38b. 1910. 188-193; 311.3-3^8. 1911; 113-118, 1913. 216-221. 1921; 75-81. 19£ ; 153-161. 6 plates. 2 figs. 1930; 99-107. 193'* r %0- 496. 1936. Parts listed contain descriptions of new species from Thailand. Kharcbanonda, I. Bangkhen pop-corn. Kasikom 23 (3): 205-208. 1950. _ . Fertilizer experiments on rice. Kasikorn 23 (3): 157- 159 • 1950. Tomato production in the dry season. Kasikorn 23 (2): ,113-117. 1950. Kiet, Li-Cong. La. vegetation psoriophilc de la presqu'ile de Cam-Rauh. Ann. Fac. Sci. Saigon. 367~'i3 i *. 3 maps, diagrams. 16 illuatr. 1962. This is a dissertation submitted to tlie Faculty of Sciences of Saigon a.n Ccindidature for the Diploma of Higher Studies in Natural Sciences. The field study, nade during June 1960 to September 1961, involved: (a) the topography and flora of the peninsula cf Cam-Ranli; (b) investigation of each plant formation; and (c) the preparation of a nap of tho vegetation on a scale of 1:50,000 (Ann. Fac. Sci. Saigon 19cl). Transects were made along the length of the Peninsula. The thesis is divided into 3 parts. Part one treats! with the geography, geology, climate and prevailing winds in the area. The second part deals with the vegetation. A. Vegetative formations of changing sand 3upes: (a) dunes with Spinifex littoreus Merr. and Vitex trifolia var. siroplicifolia Chem.; (b) carpet of Fimbristylis sericea 11, Br., Chrysopogori orientale A. Camus, and Sideroxylon mari- Pierre; (c) littoral thicket at Longanier; anT (d} transition 226
formation between littoral -thicket at Lagonier and Vatica forest. B. Vegetative formations of fixed dunes: (a) Vatica forest; (b) Secondary forest of Vatica tonkinensis Aug. Chev. and Eugenia rubicunda Gagn.; (c) dense and open scrub of Sindora coch inchinensis II. Ball, and Pcolgpia buxifolia Cagne.; (d) dense and open thicket of Rhodamnin, trinervia fll. and Eu£jâ turfosa_Gagn.; and (e) Steppe (grass) of Chrysopogou orientale A. Camus and Eremochloa ciliaris Merr.j the distribution of Uldenlandia pinifolia 0. Ktze., Polycarpa arenaria .Gegn. and Finjbristylis sericea R. Br. C. Vegetation formations of moist dunes: (a) Dune formations subject to constant inundation; (b) formations subject to daily inundations, such aa mangrove, 'sandy beaches with Zoysia pungens Willd., Sesuvium portulacastrum L. and Guseda australis Miq.; (c) svanp meadows of Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce and Nepenthes annamensis Macf.; (d) vegetative formations on sand exposed to seasonal inundations, such as stands °^ Melaleuca leucadendron L., and periodically inundated carpet of Leptocarpus disJuactUG Mast. The third part is devoted to general conclusions and a summary of the studies. This is followed by an alphabetically arranged list of most of the spontaneous plants found on the peninsula of Carc-ranh. About kQ species remained to be identified at the National Museum of Natural History. A list of 26 references, mostly French, is included. This is followed by a series of 18 tables, showing the chemical analysis of sand specimens; ratio of association of Spinifex littoreus and Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia with local dominance of Pandanua reversispiralis at the northern end of the peninsula; and other associations in the area under study, including a conrparison between the floristic composition of the mangrove forest of Caro-ranh with that of Ca-Mau and Cap St. Jacques. Killj.p, E. P. list of sedges (Cyperaceae) collected in Thailand by Dr. Hugh M. Smit,h. Joura. Siam Soc. 'Nat. .Hist. Suppl. 7 (l): 55-57. A systematic enumeration, but none described as new. King, G. The species of Ficus of the Indo-Malayan and Chinese covintries. Ann. Bot. Card. Calcucta 1: 1-185. 6 plates. 1887-88. Kira, T,, and T. Umesas (Ed), Nature and life in Southeast Asia: A preliminary survey on the vegetation of Thailand. Vol. 1: 21-157. 26 tables. 5^ illuatr. Biological Department, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan. 1961. This paper presents the results of the preliminary ecological study on the vegetation of Thailand, especially of the northwestern regions, carried out by the Osaka City University, Bioological Expedition to Southeast Asia. The field study was made during the four months of travel through Thailand during the dry season of 1957-58. Obser/ations were made while traveling, chiefly by automobile, from Bangkok to the northwestern boundary of Thailand, several brief excursions to the northwest highlands, including the ascent of mountain Inthanon, the highest 227
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
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Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). rê length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
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Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
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These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
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17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
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Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
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Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
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Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
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PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
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^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
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Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
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Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
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Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
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Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
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Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
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**' r^- :Â'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
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Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
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Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
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Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
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'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
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Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
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Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
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» •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
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Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
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L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
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Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
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if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
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Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
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Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
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Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
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Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
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Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
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Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
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.•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195: CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 196 and 197: The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199: . Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
Page 200 and 201: An annotated bibliography of the So
Page 202 and 203: East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp.
Page 204 and 205: Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
Page 206 and 207: development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209: Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211: Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213: Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215: Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217: Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219: . Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221: Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223: __ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225: Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
Page 226 and 227: in the Philippine Islands, launched
Page 228 and 229: Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
Page 230 and 231: arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233: Harvard .University Library. Indoch
Page 234 and 235: A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237: Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239: Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 246 and 247: peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253: The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255: Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
Page 256 and 257: is one of a series describing the n
Page 258 and 259: . Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261: Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263: This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265: educed height growth. There was als
Page 266 and 267: may hold back even 20 percent of th
Page 268 and 269: an old name of the principal town,
Page 270 and 271: Analyses of some Siamese laterites.
Page 272 and 273: A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275: Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277: A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279: . The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281: Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
Page 282 and 283: a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285: ., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287: Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
Page 288 and 289: woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 290 and 291: Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found
Page 292 and 293: Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295:
; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297:
experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299:
. World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301:
Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
Page 302 and 303:
even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305:
Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
Page 306 and 307:
G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309:
Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
Page 310 and 311:
Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
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Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
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Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
Page 316 and 317:
Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
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.'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
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Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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