Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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Analyses of some Siamese laterites. Soil Science 62 (6): 423-^0. Dec. These two contributions present certain overall considerations and relationships between laterites and the parent materials from which they have developed. The second paper contains analyses of laterites gathered from ancient buildings. Unfortunately the methods of analysis were not the most suitable to show their relationship to the best advantage. Phom-Hoang-Ho. Cay~co mien nam Vietnam (Vegetation of Vietnam). Bo Quoc-gia Qiao-Duo. 803 pp. figs. Taxonomic treatment with scientific names. Saigon. I960. This publication, written in Vietnamese, treats with the plants of Vietnam, arranged according to family, with a key to genera, and a brief description of the species. A line drawing accompanies a large number of the plants described. A list of vernacular names, arranged in alphabetical order, with corresponding botanical names is included. Phananuchorn, P. Forests of Siam and their resources. Siam Today, 1*7-53. 11 figs. July 1937. A general account, largely concerning the exploitation of Thai forests. Picharn, P.V. List of common trees, shrubs, etc., in Sia-n ... for the use of foresters, timber traders and students. 1278 pp. Bangkok Times Press. 1923. Vernacular and Latin names are given. Printed with vide space for insertion of notes. Reviewed by A.F.G. Kerr,with critical notes on vernacular names in Journ. Siam. Soc. 17: 21-1-215. 1923- Pierre, L. Flore forestiere de la Cochinchine. In volume 1: pi. 1-96. 1879-83. 2: pi. 97-169. 1883-88. 3: pi. 170-256. 1888-91. U: pi. 257-332. 1892-95. 5: Pi. 333-^00. 1&95-99. Register 1-lU. 1907. A folio-sized publication containing plates with descriptive letterpress, and illustrating forest plants Issued in 26 fascicles. It includes new species based on Sian collections. Pilger, R. Zwei neue Bambuseae aus Siam. Repert. 3p. MOV. Fedde 3: 116-117. 1906. Oxybenanthera hosBOuaii and DendrocalEunus nudus; new species collected by Hosaeus. Piper, C.V., and S.T. Dunn. A revision of Canavalia. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1922: 129-1^5.- 1 ir.ap. .1922. Includes Thai species. Pisek, A., and E. CarteLlieri. Zur Kenntnis des V/asserhaushaltes der Pflanzen. IV. Jahrb. Wies. Bot., 88, 22. 1931, 1932, 1939- 252
Polchart, P. Durian orchards in Dhonburi, Kasikorn 26 (6): 505- 51U. 1952'. . Mandarin growing in Dhonburi. Kasikorn 26 (6): 589-59!*. 1953. . Making palm sugar in Bangkok. Kasikorn 2 (**): 353-359. 195 1 *. Poore, M.E.D. Problems in the classification of tropical rain forest. Journ. of Tropical Geography 17: 12-19. May 1963. The author points out the many valid systems of classification available for any particular range of pnenomena. Each of these may be equally suitable for a particular purpose. For example, leaves can be classified according to their size, shape, color, venation, methods of development and other criteria. There is a tendency in Biology to try to arrive at what is known as 't.atural 1 ( classification. The taxonomy of plants or animals has been considered, since the time of Darwin, to reflect the relationship of organisms by descent, which is synonymous with'a phylogenetlc classification. In vegetation it is difficult to establish a classification on the principle of descent. Auong various possible classifications the most valuable is probably that which reflects most faithfully the relationship between vegetation and habitat. Therefore, uhe aim of this article is to discuss vegetation, but not from the standpoint of the ecosystem or with what Sukachev calls the geobiocoenose, which is a combination of the ecosystem with the concomitant environment. This is not due to a failure to appre- .ciate the value of such synthetic concepts, but it io necessary to approach the task with a certain degree of realism. The problems of vegetation are sufficiently vast without including other equally large and possibly more complex fields of research. The author discusses the criteria - habitat, physiognomy and floristics - proposed for the classification of vegetation; the intrinsic difficulties in the classification and ordinp.tion of vegetacion; and stages in the classification of vegetation. This paper deals primarily with problems involved in the classification of vegetation rather than with the result. Knowledge of the Rain forest in Malaya, for example, is more advanced than iii many equatorial regions, but basic data on its structure and pattern are inadequate. Consequently it is still too early to develop methods that are satisfactory and economical to classify forest types and to determine their relation to habitat. No conclusions were drawn from the .results, but a number of possibilities emerged which warrant further study. Preliminary results strongly suggested that, at lear.t in the upper stories of the forest, there are a number of tree species which are approximately equivalent in their habitat requirements at all stages. The actual species which reach the canopy in any one plane depends on the chances of establishment at the time the t;ap is formed. If many species behave in the sams manner it is possible that the best means of classifying forast types precisely would oe by other vegetational criteria. 253
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
Page 17 and 18:
Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). r^e length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
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Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
Page 95 and 96:
These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
Page 101 and 102:
17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
Page 107 and 108:
Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
Page 113 and 114:
Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
Page 115 and 116:
Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
Page 117 and 118:
PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
Page 119 and 120:
^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
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Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
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Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
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Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
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**' r^- :^A'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
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Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
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Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
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Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
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'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
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Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
Page 167 and 168:
Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
Page 169 and 170:
» •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
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Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
Page 173 and 174:
L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
Page 175 and 176:
Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
Page 177 and 178:
if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
Page 181 and 182:
Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
Page 183 and 184:
Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
Page 185 and 186:
Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
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Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
Page 191 and 192:
.•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195:
CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 196 and 197:
The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199:
. Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
Page 200 and 201:
An annotated bibliography of the So
Page 202 and 203:
East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp.
Page 204 and 205:
Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
Page 206 and 207:
development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209:
Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211:
Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213:
Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215:
Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217:
Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219:
. Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221: Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223: __ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225: Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
Page 226 and 227: in the Philippine Islands, launched
Page 228 and 229: Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
Page 230 and 231: arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233: Harvard .University Library. Indoch
Page 234 and 235: A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237: Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239: Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 244 and 245: Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr.
Page 246 and 247: peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253: The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255: Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
Page 256 and 257: is one of a series describing the n
Page 258 and 259: . Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261: Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263: This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265: educed height growth. There was als
Page 266 and 267: may hold back even 20 percent of th
Page 268 and 269: an old name of the principal town,
Page 272 and 273: A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275: Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277: A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279: . The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281: Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
Page 282 and 283: a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285: ., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287: Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
Page 288 and 289: woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 290 and 291: Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found
Page 292 and 293: Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295: ; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297: experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299: . World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301: Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
Page 302 and 303: even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305: Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
Page 306 and 307: G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309: Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
Page 310 and 311: Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
Page 312 and 313: Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
Page 314 and 315: Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
Page 316 and 317: Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
Page 318 and 319: .'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
Page 320:
Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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