Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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is one of a series describing the natural history and peoples of the Pacific Ocean and of its innumer-ible islands, large and small. Although more than 50,000 different species, representing 2,500 genera, of higher plants are now known in the Pacific area, the author believes that many thousands still await discovery and study. Many regions are characterized by strictly limited and relatively few types of plant life, such as the small low islands in the Pacific Ocean, and those in the extreme north. Others, such as the larger islands in Melanesia, Papuasia and Malaysia, support an extraordinarily rich plant life. While many parts of the area have been extensively and intensively explored from a botanical standpoint, few have been covered by exhaustive descriptive manuals or even by published lists of the known species. Subjects discussed in the respective chapters are: the safe forest and jungle of the tropics; general principles of botanical classification; plants of the seashore; mangrove forest; secondary forests and open grasslands; primary forest; noteworthy plants of special interest; weeds and their significance; cultivated plants; jungle foods; problems of Malaysian plant distribution; problems of Polynesian plant -.tistribution; the significance of certain local plant names; data on specific islands and island groups: and notes on botanical history, exploration and bibliography. ., and E. H. Walker. A bibliography of eastern Asiatic botany, i, 719 pp. 2 maps. Published by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 193&- A comprehensive work including the principal references on Siam, Indo-China, Burma and India. Meslier, A. Les Forets du Tonkin. .3cric Hanoi. No. 13. Congres D'Agriculture Coloniale. Gouvernement Ge'ne'ral do 1'Indocnine. Hanoi-Haiphong. 19lB» Metcalfe, C. R. The structure and botanical identity of some scented woods from the East. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 193j (l): 3-15. pi. 1-U. 1933. Includes some species native to Thailand. Meyer, A. Ueber einige Zusamnenhaen -
Ministry of Agriculture (Thailand). Thailand ar.d her agricultural prolems. 116 pp., illustr. Bangkok. 19^9. . . This booklet was compiled by members of the National FAO Committee at the suggestion of the 'Ministry of Agriculture of Thailand, as a source of information for those interested in FAO and other international organizations. Divided into 12 chapters, it contains data on rice culture and rice pests; veterinary work and biologies; irrigation in Thailand, aquatic resources and • . fisheries; the forest resources of Thailand and their economic importance; the cooperative movement in Thailand; Agricultural Institution at Kasetsart University; nutrition activities before and after the war; malaria and agriculture in Thailand; supplementary study on the trend of rice consumption; and the rice trade of Thailand . A . Thailand and her agricultural problems 159 pp. Bangkok. Nov. 19SC. This booklet was written and compiled by members of National FAO Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, and originally issued in Mai'ch 19^9• It was reprinted in Nov. 190, and the data brought up to date. . Annual reports for the years-19^8 and 1950 to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Bangkok. 1951* __. (Thailand) Annual report for 191*8 to the Food and Agriculture Organization. 36 pp. Bangkok. 19^8. Divided into 3 sections, with 7 appendixes. Discusses the prevailing food and agriculture situation and prospects; per capita consumption; imports and exports; principal crops; and livestock products. . Annual report of the Government of Thailand for the year 1951-52 to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 52 pp. Bangkok. (Mimeographed). Bangkok. 1952. This report contains information on progress and development in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, nutrition, cooperative movement, marketing, and a general review of economic situation of Thailand. __. Thailand economic farm survey. 269 pp. (Mimeogranhed).. Bangkok. 1953. Some agricultural statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, 19V7-51*. Bangkok. July, 1955- A statistical review of Thai, agriculture, 195^. Bangkok, 1956. _. Unpublished phenological data for various crops. Dept. of Rice and Dept. cf Agr. Exper. Sta. Bangkok. 1956. 239
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
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Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). r^e length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
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Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
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These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
Page 101 and 102:
17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
Page 107 and 108:
Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
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Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
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Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
Page 117 and 118:
PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
Page 119 and 120:
^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
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Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
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Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
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Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
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**' r^- :^A'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
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Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
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Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
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Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
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'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
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Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
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» •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
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Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
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L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
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Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
Page 177 and 178:
if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
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Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
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Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
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Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
Page 191 and 192:
.•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195:
CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 196 and 197:
The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199:
. Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
Page 200 and 201:
An annotated bibliography of the So
Page 202 and 203:
East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp.
Page 204 and 205:
Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
Page 206 and 207: development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209: Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211: Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213: Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215: Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217: Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219: . Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221: Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223: __ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225: Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
Page 226 and 227: in the Philippine Islands, launched
Page 228 and 229: Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
Page 230 and 231: arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233: Harvard .University Library. Indoch
Page 234 and 235: A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237: Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239: Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 244 and 245: Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr.
Page 246 and 247: peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253: The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255: Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
Page 258 and 259: . Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261: Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263: This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265: educed height growth. There was als
Page 266 and 267: may hold back even 20 percent of th
Page 268 and 269: an old name of the principal town,
Page 270 and 271: Analyses of some Siamese laterites.
Page 272 and 273: A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275: Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277: A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279: . The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281: Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
Page 282 and 283: a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285: ., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287: Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
Page 288 and 289: woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 290 and 291: Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found
Page 292 and 293: Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295: ; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297: experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299: . World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301: Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
Page 302 and 303: even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305: Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
Page 306 and 307:
G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309:
Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
Page 310 and 311:
Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
Page 312 and 313:
Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
Page 314 and 315:
Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
Page 316 and 317:
Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
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.'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
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Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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