Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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Dipterocarpus obtusifolius is found both in Semi-evergreen and Dry Dipterocarp forest; Shorea talura grows in the 3 types; Pterocymbium Javanicum thrives in Mixed Deciduous and Serai-evergreen forest; and Xylia kerrii occurs prolifically both in Dry Dipterocarp and Mixed Deciduous forest types. Tine most valuable timber is 'mai phayung 1 (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre), which is almost comparable to teak (Tectoria grand is) in value. All but 2 of the 78 species treated in the paper are well known botanically, so that it was considered expedient to omit a detailed description of these. A field key is given for the use of foresters and others interested in the region. Vegetative characters are largely employed, and features of the fruits also have been incorporated. This is a contribution from the Forest Products Research Division of the Royal Forest Departmant's working program for 1958- 1959- This is in pursuant of the study of all reserved trees of Thailand, as planned by the Forest Department. Smythes, B.E. The birds of Burma. Second edition. 1953. Contains some notes on the vegetation of Burma. Spencer, J. C. Asia - East by South* A Cultural Geography. '53 PP« 136 figs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 19!5'». This volume treats with cultural geography in its widest interpretation. The introductory part treats with the geography of Asia. The publication is divided into three parts. The first part deals wl^h Systematic Geography; the second, with the regional growth of culture; and the third part is for reference purpose, and contains a very comprehensive bibliography. One chapter discusses the evolution of Thailand, the development of agriculture, subordinate elements of the economy,, and the regionalism of modern Thailand. Another chapter deals with India, a state of mixed cultures. Sprague, T.A. Dolichandrone and MarkhnMa. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 302-31U. 1919. A systematic treatment, including Thai species. Spurr, S.H. History of Forest Photogrammetry and Aerial Mapping. Photogrammetric Engineering 20 (l): 551-5uO. 1Q5'+. The future of aerial survey of forests seems assured. In the long run, the use of aerial photographs will probably be greatest xn everyday forert management (Spurr, 1952). At the moment, however, forest inventory techniques still hold the spotlight. Combined tie rial-ground inventories are now the rule in forestry. In many cases no check on the accuracy of comparative methods has been made. Where careful comparisons hava been carried out on a small scale, as by Loomis (19'*6), Pope, Cameron and Hill (Spurr, 1952), Welander (1952), and Ferree (1953)> the results have come fully up to expectations and have justified the present-dav acceptance of aeri-xl photographic'techniques. 272
_ ^. Forest photogrammetry and aerial mapping. A bibliography, 1587-1955. School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 60 pages (Processed). May 1956. _ . Photogranraetry and Photo- Interpretation, - with a Section on ^ Applications to Forestry. 2nd Ed. kfl pp. 1960. ip, L. The vegetation of Burma from an ecological standpoint. ^ Univ. Rangoon Hes. Monogr. 1: 1-58. illustr. 1925. A critical study. The aerial survey of the Irrawaddy delta forests (Burma). Tjeurn.fclcol. (London) 13: 262-276. pis. 7-12. 1925. _ . Asia, a regional and economic geography. Dutton Co. New York. lecki, M. Accuracy of photogrammetric measurements of tree and stand heights. Roczniki, Nauk Lesnych. 13: ^5-55. 1955. Published for the National Science Foundation and the Department of Agriculture by Centralny Instytut Informacji Naukawo-Technicznej I Ekonomicznej, Warszawa, Poland. 1962. pf, 0. Capillipedium flaucopsjs Stapf. Grair.ineae. Tribe Andropoconeae/ HookT'Incbn. PI. 21: pi. 3085. 1922. Occurs in Thailand. enis, C.G.G.J.yan. Revision of Symplocos Sect, Cordyloblaste (Symploc). Bull. Bot. Card. Buitenzorg III. 17: ^29-^6. Fig-. 1, 2. 19U8. Includes _3- confusa, occurring in Thailand. _ . Miscellaneous botanical notes. I, Bull. Bot. Card. Buitenzorg III. 17: 383- J 'U. 2 figs. 191*8. Refers to Justicia quadrifaria from Thailand. Notes on Malayan species of AT alia appear on paês 391-397. D. J. ourvey of World Cultures; its peoples, Its society, its culture. 35! pp. (Ed. Thomas Fitzsimmons. ) No. 5« 1959 • Cambodia became c*r. independent state in 195'* after nearly one hundred years as a French protectorate. Strategically located in the heart of Southeast Asia, and. poised between two great power ' blocs of the modern world, Cambodia and its neighbors, Laos arid Vietna.'o, the three states of former. French Indochina come increasingly to the center of international attention as armed rebellion in Laos threatenes the peace of the wnole area. In this volume the complex interaction of old and new is examined in detail to high-light the character of the Cambodian people and to clarify and to give meaning to the present situation and futxire course of the Cambodian stat f .'. 273
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Rom D Number Author 0313 ° D Nnt S
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- VEGETATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA STUD
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FOREWORD This Report on "The Vegeta
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page Forew
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Figure Page 31. Oblique view of Upp
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Figure ,_ . Page 8't. Basal part of
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Figure Page 132. Desiccating effect
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Summary This Report treats with the
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Laos. It enters Cambodia before it
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THAILAND Field Investigations Durin
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Peninsular Region - continued: Sout
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CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL FOREST T
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system based predominantly on struc
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there are usually three stories, of
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dominants of certain Consociations
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may prevail In widely separated reg
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critical. In general, wind velociti
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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woody lianes, is another characteri
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Gutta-percha of an inferior grade,
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Parkia speeiQsa, Hopea ferrea,Alsto
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This forest type is rather widespre
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Above U,000 ft. (1,200 m.), on the
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while those of Sonneratia, Avicenni
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On the landward margin of Mangrove
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(7) MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST This for
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The Deciduous Dipterocarp forest is
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include: Bornbax (Salmalia) insigne
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1 , and around farmyards; the arnec
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Thailand is surrounded by the tall,
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usually 30 ft. (10 m.). rê length
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Forest, covering an approximate are
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trunk or branches; and in a clearer
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Perhaps the most important factor i
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were of little practical value for
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It was decided to determine whether
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In the afternoon, we made a series
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a Mangrove swamp facilitates easy,
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PHYSIOGRAPHIC, CLIMATIC AND OTHER F
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the section of the Peninsula south
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The general surface is gently undul
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south. The highest peak is near Bet
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Dark tropical clay soils occur chie
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management based on a sustained yie
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depth of 3 feet (l m.) or more in m
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egion, about 20 percent; and in Nor
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These areas are now almost entirely
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The forests of South Vietnam contai
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mountains covering vast areas. The
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17th century. They have not been co
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in Thailand and Vietnam. Bat these
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ClImate; Laos has a tropical, clima
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Topography: The general physiograph
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forcing its impact. 03, tbe vegetat
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found also in western Cambodia in t
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Plant Families In Southeast Asia, P
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Thailand S. Vietnam Pjerto Rico Tex
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PART II FORESTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA M
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^•4''- lT».o«n'*V>- M^ *"*V
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Figure 3.-Mountain ranges and river
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C F -20--w rr.":- -•—^ l-M-fgpp
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L A O S A N / 1 •*' ^ (, THAILAND
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'""} Nrfm (hnh" 7 ' '/ r -I „ s'^
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Figure 11..Major forest trpes of Vi
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Figure lU.-Bamboos and banana are t
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Figure 18.-The tall "yang khao 1 tr
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ife," ^'-tf/5fcr~ Figure 22.-Evergr
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Figure 26.-Upper or Hill Moist Ever
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Figure 30.-Profile of Lover Montane
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Figure 3^«-Aroids in low znoist si
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Fi/iure 38.-Semi-Evergreen forest b
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Figure U2.-Type of vegetation along
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Figure 46.-A transition /rcm Evergr
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Figu,-^ 50,-Two-needled pine (Pinus
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Figure 5*4. -Temperate Evergreen fo
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Figure 5&.-Mangrove wcodland submer
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**' r^- :Â'^T-^ w S 1^ '^^^^^>^s-
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Figure 66.-Fresh water swamp around
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Figxire 70.-Mixed Semi-Evergreen fo
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Figure Y'i.-Teak plantation (Tecton
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'i-ure 'i';: .-Jeni-1'.ver-reer; fo
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Figure 82.-'Krang' (Ficus altissima
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Figure 86.-Dipterocarp forest with
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» •*. -'- Figure 90.-Dry Diptero
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Figure 9^.-Forest road on heavy, re
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L~ure 96.-Clo.OG-;.p o;' branc'-er,
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Figure 102.-Bamboo brake (Dendrocal
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if.ure iC/j.-v.'ooded savanna with
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Figure 110.-Wooded pseudo-steppe wi
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Figure II' 1 .-In deforested areas,
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Figure 116.-Deforested land, foregr
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Figure 122.-Open Dtpterocarp forest
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Figure 12G.-.Secondary growth in Dr
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Figure 130.-Dr. Robert A. Darrow, B
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.•••••^•^^ •-'-', ,1.
Page 194 and 195:
CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A BIBLIOGRAPHY
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The author was Associate in Anthrop
Page 198 and 199:
. Notes on a camphor-yielding tree
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An annotated bibliography of the So
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East Meets West in Thailand. 17 pp.
Page 204 and 205:
Bates, M. Observations on tue Distr
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development in South and Southeast
Page 208 and 209:
Bourret, R. Etudes ge'ologiques sur
Page 210 and 211:
Burkill, I. H. .Begonia hanifi'i, a
Page 212 and 213:
Tests were made in Gabon, West Afri
Page 214 and 215:
Chapman, V,J. The application of ae
Page 216 and 217:
Cooper, F. G, Munsell manual of col
Page 218 and 219:
. Orophea pclycarpa and Artabotrys
Page 220 and 221:
Deignan, H. G. Siara —land of fre
Page 222 and 223:
__ . Les Proble'mes d" utilisation
Page 224 and 225:
Fletcher, H.R, The Siamese Verbenac
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in the Philippine Islands, launched
Page 228 and 229:
Gairdner, K. G. Notes on the fauna
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arts, archaelogy and architecture;
Page 232 and 233:
Harvard .University Library. Indoch
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A revision, including Thai species.
Page 236 and 237:
Beitrage zur Flora Thailand. Beih,
Page 238 and 239:
Hutchinson, J. Revision of Aspidopt
Page 240 and 241: observations on 'The jungle coverin
Page 242 and 243: adding a 25 percent severance tax t
Page 244 and 245: Itetnircma brae teat a A.F.G. Kerr.
Page 246 and 247: peak in Thailand, and from Bangkok
Page 248 and 249: Santiria and Canariuin. Bull. Jard.
Page 250 and 251: This is a report on the economic co
Page 252 and 253: The bibliography contains 12 titles
Page 254 and 255: Markgraf, F. Monographie der Gat tu
Page 256 and 257: is one of a series describing the n
Page 258 and 259: . Agriculture in Thailand. 231 pp.
Page 260 and 261: Munsell, A.E.G. MunseH Book of Colo
Page 262 and 263: This is a compilation of survey dat
Page 264 and 265: educed height growth. There was als
Page 266 and 267: may hold back even 20 percent of th
Page 268 and 269: an old name of the principal town,
Page 270 and 271: Analyses of some Siamese laterites.
Page 272 and 273: A cursory analysis of data gathered
Page 274 and 275: Ratanaprasidhi, M. Forewt- Industri
Page 276 and 277: A postscript treats with the future
Page 278 and 279: . The Gesneriaceae of the Malay Pen
Page 280 and 281: Robbe, E. Etude des lois d'accroise
Page 282 and 283: a forest reserve at Kalat; and one
Page 284 and 285: ., and P. Tripetch. Liming experime
Page 286 and 287: Satow, E.M., C.E.W. Stringer and ot
Page 288 and 289: woods used mrdicinally or as source
Page 292 and 293: Stephens, W.M. Mangroves: Trees tha
Page 294 and 295: ; Tangraonkol. T. Yam bean cultivat
Page 296 and 297: experiments on the forests of almos
Page 298 and 299: . World peanut production at near-r
Page 300 and 301: Wager, J.V.K. Uses of aerial photog
Page 302 and 303: even though it does not tell MS muc
Page 304 and 305: Williams, F.N. The botany of Siam.
Page 306 and 307: G E N E R A L I N U E X Abies sp. A
Page 308 and 309: Charcoal. — —59, '8 Charenmayou
Page 310 and 311: Dwarf trees Dye 93 36,79 Dyera co_s
Page 312 and 313: Juniper -92 Kabinburi Kachawng - 5
Page 314 and 315: Monsoon i'orest . 3, M, 67,89 -32,3
Page 316 and 317: Puerto Rico, vegetation 91 Pulse" r
Page 318 and 319: .'Si-' Tak ................. 6,27,3
Page 320: Vaccinium sp. ------29 Vaico 77 Val
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Vegetation of Southeast Asia Studies of Forest Types 1963-1965

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