E N S W - United Nations Development Programme

Human Development Report 2013
The Rise of the South Human Progress in a Diverse World
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Expenditure
Researchers
Graduates in
science and
engineering a
Patents granted
to residents and
nonresidents
Royalty and
licence fees
receipts
Electrification
rate
Personal
computers
Internet users
Fixed broadband
Internet
subscriptions
Fixed and mobile
telephone
subscribers
(% of
GDP)
(per million
people)
(% of
total) (per million people) ($ per capita) (% of population) (per 100 people)
HDI rank 2005–2010 b 2002–2010 b 2002–2011 b 2005–2010 b 2005–2011 b 2009 2002–2009 b 2010 2010 2010
178 Burundi .. .. 9.6 .. 0.0 .. 0.9 2.1 0.0 14.1
178 Guinea .. .. .. .. 0.0 .. 0.5 1.0 0.0 40.3
180 Central African Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.3 2.3 .. 22.4
181 Eritrea .. .. 7.9 .. .. 32.0 1.0 5.4 0.0 4.6
182 Mali 0.2 37.7 .. .. 0.0 .. 0.7 2.7 0.0 49.2
183 Burkina Faso 0.2 45.1 23.3 .. 0.0 14.6 0.6 1.4 0.1 35.5
184 Chad .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 1.7 0.0 24.3
185 Mozambique 0.2 15.8 12.1 1.8 0.0 11.7 1.4 4.2 0.1 31.3
186 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 0.5 .. .. .. .. 11.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 18.0
186 Niger .. 7.8 .. .. 0.0 .. 0.1 0.8 0.0 25.1
Other countries or territories
Korea, Democratic People’s Rep. of .. .. .. 258.4 .. 26.0 .. .. .. 6.6
Marshall Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.6 .. .. 15.2
Monaco 0.0 308.1 .. 141.2 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nauru .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.9 ..
San Marino .. .. .. .. .. .. 78.9 .. 32.0 144.9
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.9 .. .. 8.0
South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.7 25.0 3.3 41.9
Human Development Index groups
Very high human development 2.5 3,854.0 20.3 566.2 210.9 99.6 58.3 72.8 26.5 153.2
High human development 0.8 .. .. 63.4 .. .. 13.6 35.8 7.1 133.5
Medium human development .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 20.8 4.4 84.5
Low human development .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.5 10.7 0.1 42.7
Regions
Arab States .. .. .. .. .. 86.7 10.8 27.2 2.0 99.6
East Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.6 29.8 7.2 92.2
Europe and Central Asia 1.0 1,948.2 23.9 93.8 8.2 .. 12.3 43.4 10.0 150.0
Latin America and the Caribbean .. .. .. .. .. 93.4 12.2 34.1 6.6 116.7
South Asia .. .. .. 7.0 .. 70.1 3.0 8.4 0.7 64.4
Sub-Saharan Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.6 11.3 0.2 47.1
Least developed countries .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 4.8 0.1 34.5
Small island developing states .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.6 18.7 2.2 62.7
World .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.1 30.0 7.7 95.2
NOTES
a Includes graduates in manufacturing and
construction.
b Data refer to the most recent year available
during the period specified.
c In the absence of data on electrification rate,
99.7% is assumed.
DEFINITIONS
Research and development expenditure:
Current and capital expenditures (both public and
private) on creative work undertaken systematically
to increase knowledge and the use of knowledge for
new applications. It covers basic research, applied
research and experimental development.
Researchers in research and development:
Professionals engaged in the conception or creation
of new knowledge, products, processes, methods
or systems and in the management of the projects
concerned. Postgraduate doctoral students (ISCED97
level 6) engaged in research and development are
included.
Graduates in science and engineering: People
who have successfully completed the final year
of a level or sublevel of education in science and
engineering.
Patents granted to residents and nonresidents:
Number of exclusive rights granted for an invention,
which is a product or a process that provides a new
way of doing something or offers a new technical
solution to a problem, expressed per 1 million people.
Royalty and licence fee receipts: Payments
and receipts between residents and nonresidents
for the authorized use of intangible, nonproduced,
nonfinancial assets and proprietary rights (such as
patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes
and franchises) and for the use, through licensing
agreements, of produced originals of prototypes
(such as films and manuscripts).
Electrification rate: Number of people with access
to electricity, expressed as a percentage of total
population. It includes electricity sold commercially
(both on-grid and off-grid) and self-generated
electricity but not unauthorized connections.
Personal computers: Number of self-contained
computers designed for use by a single individual,
expressed per 100 people.
Internet users: People with access to the
worldwide network, expressed per 100 people.
Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions:
Broadband high-speed access to the public Internet
(a TCP/IP connection), at speeds equal to or
greater than 256 kilobits per second, in one or both
directions, expressed per 100 people
Fixed and mobile telephone subscribers:
Sum of telephone lines and mobile subscribers,
expressed per 100 people.
MAIN DATA SOURCES
Columns 1 and 2: World Bank (2012a).
Column 3: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012).
Column 4: HDRO calculation based on data from
WIPO (2012) and population data from UNDESA
(2011).
Column 5: HDRO calculations based on data on
royalty and licence fee receipts from World Bank
(2012b).
Column 6: IEA (2012).
Column 7: World Bank (2012c).
Columns 8 and 9: ITU (2012).
Column 10: HDRO calculations based on data on
cellular subscribers and telephone lines from ITU
(2012) and population data from UNDESA (2011).
Table 12 Innovation and technology | 189