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Table 1.3 Inequality and satisfaction with freedom of choice and community HDI group and region HDI group Overall loss in HDI value due to inequality, 2012 (%) Satisfaction with freedom of choice, 2007–2011 a (% satisfied) of choice. Subjective data can provide an insight into the state of social integration within a country or community. Evidence suggests a small negative correlation between losses due to inequality and satisfaction with freedom of choice and with the community. Evidence also suggests that people in countries with a high HDI value are generally more satisfied with their freedom of choice and with the community. Exploring these associations can offer important policy lessons for countries (table 1.3). Human security Satisfaction with community, b 2007–2011 a (% answering yes) Very high human development 10.8 81.5 85.9 High human development 20.6 66.3 76.4 Medium human development 24.2 77.8 79.9 Low human development 33.5 61.8 72.2 Region Arab States 25.4 54.6 67.6 East Asia and the Pacific 21.3 78.7 c 80.1 c Europe and Central Asia 12.9 58.5 76.5 Latin America and the Caribbean 25.7 77.9 79.0 South Asia 29.1 72.9 83.2 Sub-Saharan Africa 35.0 69.1 65.2 World 23.3 73.9 79.0 a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. b. Based on the Gallup survey question on overall satisfaction with city. c. Value is not displayed in the statistical tables because data are not available for at least half the countries covering at least two-thirds of the population of the group. Source: Overall loss in HDI value due to inequality, HDRO calculations based on the Inequality-Adjusted HDI; satisfaction with freedom of choice and community, HDRO calculations based on Gallup (2012). The 1994 Human <strong>Development</strong> Report argued that the concept of security must shift from the idea of a militaristic safeguarding of state borders to the reduction of insecurity in people’s daily lives (or human insecurity). 54 In every society, human security is undermined by a variety of threats, including hunger, disease, crime, unemployment, human rights violations and environmental challenges. The intensity of these threats differs across the world, but human security remains a universal quest for freedom from want and fear. Consider economic insecurity. In the countries of the North, millions of young people are now unable to find work. And in the South, millions of farmers have been unable to earn a decent livelihood and forced to migrate, with many adverse effects, particularly for women. Closely related to insecurity in livelihoods is insecurity in food and nutrition. Many developing country households faced with high food prices cannot afford two square meals a day, undermining progress in child nutrition. Another major cause of impoverishment in many countries, rich and poor, is unequal access to affordable health care. Ill health in the household (especially of the head of the household) is one of the most common sources of impoverishment, as earnings are lost and medical expenses are incurred. Perspectives on security need to shift from a misplaced emphasis on military strength to a well rounded, people-centred view. Progress in this shift can be gleaned in part from statistics on crime, particularly homicides, and military spending. Crime Freedom from fear should be reflected in low crime rates, specifically low homicide rates. A few studies have also used homicide rates to assess civic engagement and trust. 55 The 2012 Caribbean Human <strong>Development</strong> Report, for example, argues that violent crime erodes confidence in future development prospects, reduces the competitiveness of industries and services by imposing burdensome security costs and damages the investment climate. Crime may also lead to a brain drain from the country or affected community. And diverting resources to control crime reduces the funds available to invest in health care and education, thus slowing social integration and dampening development. 56 In recent years, the global average homicide rate for 189 countries with data was 6.9 per 100,000 people, 57 with a low of 0 in Monaco and a high of 91.6 in Honduras 38 | HUMAN DevELOPMENT REPORT 2013
Map 1.1 There is a small negative connotation between homicide rates and HDI values Eastern Europe & Central Asia 5.5 5.5 Honduras 91.6 El Salvador 69.2 Venezuela 45.1 Arab States 4.5 South Asia 3.7 East Asia & Pacific 2.8 Latin America & the Caribbean 22.2 Côte d’lvoire 56.9 Sub-Saharan Africa 20.4 Homicide rate per 100,000 people 0 to
Page 1 and 2: W N S E Human Development Report 20
Page 3 and 4: Human Development Report 2013 The R
Page 5 and 6: Human Development Report 2013 Team
Page 7 and 8: Finally, the Report also calls for
Page 9 and 10: Musa, Thangaval Palanivel, Anuradha
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
Page 13 and 14: Overview One of the most heartening
Page 15 and 16: Human Development Report also stres
Page 17 and 18: sudden opening but of gradual and s
Page 19 and 20: two scenarios for 2010-2050: a base
Page 21 and 22: messages and demands challenge gove
Page 23 and 24: Introduction When developed economi
Page 25 and 26: leading economies—Brazil, China a
Page 27 and 28: comparable access to information, e
Page 29 and 30: mobile phones: cellular banking is
Page 32 and 33: “The political problem of mankind
Page 34 and 35: Box 1.1 Fairness, macroeconomics an
Page 36 and 37: Box 1.3 Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
Page 38 and 39: Figure 1.1 Income per capita is ris
Page 40 and 41: Box 1.4 Subjective indicators of we
Page 42 and 43: Figure 1.4 There is notable variati
Page 44 and 45: Figure 1.6 Most regions show declin
Page 46 and 47: Progress in human development achie
Page 48 and 49: Box 1.7 Social competencies: human
Page 52 and 53: Not all countries have the precondi
Page 54 and 55: “When the music changes, so does
Page 56 and 57: Box 2.1 The South’s integration w
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.1 As a share of world merc
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Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.3 Between 2000 and 2010, I
Page 64 and 65: Figure 2.4 Export earnings per capi
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Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.6 Emerging market economie
Page 72 and 73: developing countries trade more amo
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Page 76 and 77: Table 3.1 Selected developing count
Page 78 and 79: A common feature of countries that
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Page 82 and 83: Box 3.5 Eastern Europe and Central
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concerns will make for a complex en
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A greater emphasis on education can
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Figure 4.1 Under the fast track sce
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Around the world people are calling
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Figure 4.4 Different environmental
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Figure 4.5 Education policies can a
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Box 4.2 China and Ghana: who benefi
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Figure 4.8 countries thus converge
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“Let us join hands to try to crea
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Areas of global international conce
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Addressing climate change requires
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International governance is increas
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Box 5.2 Jo Leinen, Member of the Eu
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facilitates reserve investments and
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esponsible sovereignty takes the lo
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Figure 5.1 Under the accelerated pr
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Good policymaking requires greater
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a fair and less unequal world requi
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Notes Overview 1 Atsmon and others
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25 Blinder 2006. 26 UNIDO 2009. 27
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which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
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References Abdurazakov, A., A. Mins
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urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_
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Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
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Human Development Report 2013 The R
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Statistical acknowledgements The Re
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Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
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Statistical references ADB (Asian D
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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