E N S W - United Nations Development Programme

More documents

Recommendations

Info

“Across the globe, people are uniting in a common struggle: to participate freely in the events and processes that shape their lives.” Mahbub ul Haq
Introduction When developed economies stopped growing in the 2008–2009 financial crisis but developing economies kept on growing, the world took notice. 1 The rise of the South, seen within the developing world as an overdue global rebalancing, has been much commented on since. This discussion has typically focused narrowly on gross domestic product (GDP) and trade growth in a few large countries. Yet there are broader dynamics at play, involving many more countries and deeper trends, with potentially far-reaching implications for people’s lives, for social equity and for democratic governance at the local and global levels. As this Report shows, the rise of the South is both the result of continual human development investments and achievements and an opportunity for still greater human progress for the world as a whole. Making that progress a reality will require informed and enlightened global and national policymaking, drawing on the policy lessons analysed in this Report. The rise of the South is unprecedented in its speed and scale. Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast. Great Britain, where the Industrial Revolution originated, took 150 years to double output per capita; the <strong>United</strong> States, which industrialized later, took 50 years. 2 Both countries had a population below 10 million when they began to industrialize. In contrast, the current economic takeoffs in China and India began with about 1 billion people in each country and doubled output per capita in less than 20 years—an economic force affecting a hundred times as many people as the Industrial Revolution did. 3 The rise of the South must be understood as the story of a dramatic expansion of individual capabilities and sustained human development progress in the countries that are home to the vast majority of the world’s people. When dozens of countries and billions of people move up the development ladder, as they are doing today, it has a direct impact on wealth creation and broader human progress in all countries and regions of the world. There are new opportunities for catch-up for less developed countries and for creative policy initiatives that could benefit the most advanced economies as well. A close look at the diverse pathways that successful developing countries have pursued enriches the menu of policy options for all countries and regions while providing insights into values and world views that can inform future development cooperation and constructive responses to the most severe global challenges. The goal, as always, is to accelerate, wherever possible, broad-based progress that raises standards and expands people’s choices in all countries and communities in all key dimensions of human development, from health and education and livelihoods to the personal freedom to control and improve one’s own life. Transforming the South requires changing the rules that underpin global relationships. Most multilateral organizations were designed to reflect an international order newly emerging from the Second World War. That world view no longer resonates with the 21st century rebalancing of global demographics, wealth and geopolitical influence. The growing policyshaping influence of the South is visible in the international response to the 2008 financial crisis. In the past, financial decisions were made by the major industrial powers alone, as in the 1985 Plaza Accord. This time, a more extensive group, the Group of 20 (G20), which includes the largest developing economies, played a key role. People in the South are also increasingly taking leadership positions in long-established international organizations. 4 These are just preliminary signs of change in international institutions and of the possibility that the new actors in the South may help resume efforts to provide better global public goods. Indeed, the rise of the South adds to the urgency with which governments and international organizations will need to confront challenges that are likely to loom large in the future: equity in opportunities, civic engagement in governance, environmental sustainability and the demographic bulge, to name a few. The next sections elaborate on specific features of the rise of the South. Introduction | 11
Page 1 and 2: W N S E Human Development Report 20
Page 3 and 4: Human Development Report 2013 The R
Page 5 and 6: Human Development Report 2013 Team
Page 7 and 8: Finally, the Report also calls for
Page 9 and 10: Musa, Thangaval Palanivel, Anuradha
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
Page 13 and 14: Overview One of the most heartening
Page 15 and 16: Human Development Report also stres
Page 17 and 18: sudden opening but of gradual and s
Page 19 and 20: two scenarios for 2010-2050: a base
Page 21: messages and demands challenge gove
Page 25 and 26: leading economies—Brazil, China a
Page 27 and 28: comparable access to information, e
Page 29 and 30: mobile phones: cellular banking is
Page 32 and 33: “The political problem of mankind
Page 34 and 35: Box 1.1 Fairness, macroeconomics an
Page 36 and 37: Box 1.3 Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
Page 38 and 39: Figure 1.1 Income per capita is ris
Page 40 and 41: Box 1.4 Subjective indicators of we
Page 42 and 43: Figure 1.4 There is notable variati
Page 44 and 45: Figure 1.6 Most regions show declin
Page 46 and 47: Progress in human development achie
Page 48 and 49: Box 1.7 Social competencies: human
Page 50 and 51: Table 1.3 Inequality and satisfacti
Page 52 and 53: Not all countries have the precondi
Page 54 and 55: “When the music changes, so does
Page 56 and 57: Box 2.1 The South’s integration w
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.1 As a share of world merc
Page 60 and 61: Box 2.2 Acquisitions by the South o
Page 62 and 63: Figure 2.3 Between 2000 and 2010, I
Page 64 and 65: Figure 2.4 Export earnings per capi
Page 66 and 67: Box 2.6 Final assembly is about mor
Page 68 and 69: Instead of having a centre of indus
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.6 Emerging market economie
Page 72 and 73:
developing countries trade more amo
Page 74 and 75:
“We cannot expect that all nation
Page 76 and 77:
Table 3.1 Selected developing count
Page 78 and 79:
A common feature of countries that
Page 80 and 81:
More important than getting prices
Page 82 and 83:
Box 3.5 Eastern Europe and Central
Page 84 and 85:
states have to be conscious that th
Page 86 and 87:
As countries develop, they tend to
Page 88 and 89:
Having weathered the Asian financia
Page 90 and 91:
providing public services that cont
Page 92 and 93:
Advancing health requires more than
Page 94 and 95:
Universal public health and educati
Page 96 and 97:
• China. The Minimum Livelihood G
Page 98 and 99:
“Each generation will reap what t
Page 100 and 101:
concerns will make for a complex en
Page 102 and 103:
A greater emphasis on education can
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 4.1 Under the fast track sce
Page 106 and 107:
Around the world people are calling
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 4.4 Different environmental
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 4.5 Education policies can a
Page 112 and 113:
Box 4.2 China and Ghana: who benefi
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 4.8 countries thus converge
Page 116 and 117:
“Let us join hands to try to crea
Page 118 and 119:
Areas of global international conce
Page 120 and 121:
Addressing climate change requires
Page 122 and 123:
International governance is increas
Page 124 and 125:
Box 5.2 Jo Leinen, Member of the Eu
Page 126 and 127:
facilitates reserve investments and
Page 128 and 129:
esponsible sovereignty takes the lo
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 5.1 Under the accelerated pr
Page 132 and 133:
Good policymaking requires greater
Page 134 and 135:
a fair and less unequal world requi
Page 137 and 138:
Notes Overview 1 Atsmon and others
Page 139 and 140:
25 Blinder 2006. 26 UNIDO 2009. 27
Page 141 and 142:
which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
Page 143 and 144:
References Abdurazakov, A., A. Mins
Page 145 and 146:
urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_
Page 147 and 148:
Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
Page 149 and 150:
Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
Page 151 and 152:
Human Development Report 2013 The R
Page 153 and 154:
Statistical acknowledgements The Re
Page 155 and 156:
Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Statistical references ADB (Asian D
Page 213 and 214:
Core features of the model pertinen
Page 215 and 216:
Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
show all

E N S W - United Nations Development Programme

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?