E N S W - United Nations Development Programme

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The unprecedented accumulation of financial reserves provides an opportunity to accelerate broad-based progress Nevertheless, the future legitimacy of international governance will depend on institutions’ capabilities to engage with citizen networks and communities. Priorities for a new era Through all this, the fundamental principles of human development remain critical. As ever, the aim is to expand choices and capabilities for all people, wherever they live. Many countries of the South have already demonstrated what can be done. But they have gone only part of the way. For the years ahead, this Report suggests five broad conclusions. Rising economic strength in the South must be matched by a full commitment to human development Investments in human development are justified not only on moral grounds, but also because improved health, education and social welfare are key to success in a more competitive and dynamic world economy. In particular, these investments should target the poor— connecting them to markets and increasing their livelihood opportunities. Poverty is an injustice that can and should be remedied by determined action. Good policymaking also requires a focus on enhancing social capacities, not just individual capabilities. Individuals function within social institutions that can limit or enhance their development potential. Policies to change social norms that limit human potential, such as gender discrimination, early marriages and dowry requirements, open up opportunities for individuals to reach their full potential. Less developed countries can learn and benefit from the success of emerging economies of the South The unprecedented accumulation of financial reserves and sovereign wealth funds in both the North and South provides an opportunity to accelerate broad-based progress. A small portion of these funds should be dedicated to human development and poverty eradication. At the same time, South–South trade and investment flows can leverage foreign markets in new ways that enhance development opportunities, such as by participating in regional and global value chains. Burgeoning South–South trade and investment in particular can lay the basis for shifting manufacturing capacity to other less developed regions and countries. Recent Chinese and Indian joint ventures and startup manufacturing investments in Africa could be a prelude to a much expanded force. International production networks provide opportunities to speed development by allowing countries to leap-frog to more sophisticated production modes. New institutions can facilitate regional integration and South–South relationships New institutions and partnerships can help countries share knowledge, experiences and technology. This can be accompanied by new and stronger institutions to promote trade and investment and accelerate experience sharing across the South. One step would be to establish a new South Commission to bring a fresh vision of how the South’s diversity can be a force for solidarity. Greater representation for the South and civil society can accelerate progress on major global challenges The rise of the South is leading to a greater diversity of voice on the world stage. This presents an opportunity to build governance institutions that fully represent all constituencies and that would make productive use of this diversity in finding solutions to world problems. New guiding principles for international organizations are needed that incorporate the experience of the South. The emergence of the Group of 20 is an important step in this direction, but the countries of the South also need more equitable representation in the Bretton Woods institutions, the <strong>United</strong> <strong>Nations</strong> and other international bodies. Active civil society and social movements, both national and transnational, are using the media to amplify their calls for just and fair governance. The spread of movements and the increase in platforms for vocalizing key 8 | HUMAN DevELOPMENT REPORT 2013
messages and demands challenge governance institutions to adopt more-democratic and more-inclusive principles. More generally, a fair and less unequal world requires space for a multiplicity of voices and a system of public discourse. The rise of the South presents new opportunities for generating a greater supply of public goods A sustainable world requires a greater supply of global public goods. Global issues today are increasing in number and urgency, from mitigation of climate change and international economic and financial instability to the fight against terrorism and nuclear proliferation. They require a global response. Yet in many areas, international cooperation remains slow and at times dangerously hesitant. The rise of the South presents new opportunities for more effectively providing global public goods and for unlocking today’s many stalemated global issues. Publicness and privateness are in most cases not innate properties of a public good but social constructs and as such represent a policy choice. National governments can step in when there is underprovision at the national level. But when global challenges arise, international cooperation is necessary—and can happen only through the voluntary actions of many governments. Given the many pressing challenges, progress in determining what is public and what is private will require strong, committed personal and institutional leadership. * * * This Report presents the contemporary global context and charts a path for policymakers and citizens to navigate the increasing interconnectedness of the world and to face the growing global challenges. It describes how the dynamics of power, voice and wealth in the world are changing—and identifies the new policies and institutions necessary to address these 21st century realities and promote human development with greater equity, sustainability and social integration. Progress in human development requires action and institutions at both the global and national levels. At the global level, institutional reforms and innovation are required to protect and provide global public goods. At the national level, state commitment to social justice is important, as is the understanding that onesize-fits-all technocratic policies are neither realistic nor effective given the diversity of national contexts, cultures and institutional conditions. Nevertheless, overarching principles such as social cohesion, state commitment to education, health and social protection, and openness to trade integration emerge as means of navigating towards sustainable and equitable human development. The rise of the South presents new opportunities for more effectively providing global public goods and for unlocking today’s many stalemated global issues Overview | 9
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Page 3 and 4: Human Development Report 2013 The R
Page 5 and 6: Human Development Report 2013 Team
Page 7 and 8: Finally, the Report also calls for
Page 9 and 10: Musa, Thangaval Palanivel, Anuradha
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 India’s Supreme Court issues
Page 13 and 14: Overview One of the most heartening
Page 15 and 16: Human Development Report also stres
Page 17 and 18: sudden opening but of gradual and s
Page 19: two scenarios for 2010-2050: a base
Page 23 and 24: Introduction When developed economi
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Page 27 and 28: comparable access to information, e
Page 29 and 30: mobile phones: cellular banking is
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Page 36 and 37: Box 1.3 Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate
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Page 42 and 43: Figure 1.4 There is notable variati
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Page 46 and 47: Progress in human development achie
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Page 52 and 53: Not all countries have the precondi
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Figure 2.6 Emerging market economie
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developing countries trade more amo
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“We cannot expect that all nation
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Table 3.1 Selected developing count
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A common feature of countries that
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More important than getting prices
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Box 3.5 Eastern Europe and Central
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states have to be conscious that th
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As countries develop, they tend to
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Having weathered the Asian financia
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providing public services that cont
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Advancing health requires more than
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Universal public health and educati
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• China. The Minimum Livelihood G
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“Each generation will reap what t
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concerns will make for a complex en
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A greater emphasis on education can
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Figure 4.1 Under the fast track sce
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Around the world people are calling
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Figure 4.4 Different environmental
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Figure 4.5 Education policies can a
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Box 4.2 China and Ghana: who benefi
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Figure 4.8 countries thus converge
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“Let us join hands to try to crea
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Areas of global international conce
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Addressing climate change requires
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International governance is increas
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Box 5.2 Jo Leinen, Member of the Eu
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facilitates reserve investments and
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esponsible sovereignty takes the lo
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Figure 5.1 Under the accelerated pr
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Good policymaking requires greater
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a fair and less unequal world requi
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Notes Overview 1 Atsmon and others
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25 Blinder 2006. 26 UNIDO 2009. 27
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which is 61.7 deaths per 1,000 live
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References Abdurazakov, A., A. Mins
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urban_world_cities_and_the_rise_of_
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Kamau, P., D. McCormick, and N. Pin
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Labor Administration. Geneva: Inter
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Human Development Report 2013 The R
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Statistical acknowledgements The Re
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Key to HDI countries and ranks, 201
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Statistical references ADB (Asian D
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Core features of the model pertinen
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Countries and HDI ranks in 2012 and
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