Evaluation and Repair of Wrought Iron and - Purdue e-Pubs ...

92From the finite element analysis, it was determined that upon loading the eyebarconnection, the largest stress that occurs in the eyebar was directly on either edge of thepin hole. The stress then decreased across the width of the connection till it turned into acompressive stress on the outer edge. The second highest stress occurred in the shank ofthe eyebar. Not surprisingly, the stresses above pin hole were compressive. Figure 4.23depicts of the resulting stresses in the eyebar connection as predicted using the finiteelement analysis model.In the experimental testing that was completed, strain gages were applied to bothfaces of the eyebar connection. A detailed description of the strain gage pattern can befound in Chapter 3. For each eyebar end connection, the specimen was first loaded onlyin the elastic region for wrought iron. During this initial testing, the strains from all thegages that were attached to both faces of the eyebar were recorded continuously. Thesestrains were then compared to the strains found in the shank of the eyebar to get a betterunderstanding of the behavior of the eyebar end connection.Figure 3.24 is a plot of the normalized stresses (strains) for the gages in the eyeregion of the eyebar. The strains measured in the shank gages were essentially constantand, thereby, were used to normalize the strains in the eye gages. From this plot it can beseen that higher stresses occurred directly outside of the hole in the center of theconnection. The stresses then decreased as they were further away from the edge of thehole, until they became compressive on the outside edge – see Figure 4.24 and Table 4.7.The finite element analysis and the experimental testing results directly agree with eachother.After experimentally testing the eyebar connections in the elastic region only, theeyebars were then loaded until failure. The results of the eyebar tests are given in Table4.8. All of the connections failed in the shank of the eyebar connection. There was someelongation of the pin holes in the eyebar connection from being loaded to failure. Aphotograph of the pin hole elongation for specimen E5L can be seen in Figure 4.25. Two