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174Table A.5 (continued) Detailed Investigation of the Strength of Wrought Iron Bars PartII, Reported by BeardsleeTest Diameter Length Percent Elongation Elastic Limit Tensile LimitNumber (in) (in) (per original length) (psi) (psi)552 0.897 3.54 27.7 33389 51073553 0.892 3.58 29.36 34245 51887554 0.892 3.58 28.5 35205 51667555 0.564 2.25 0.7 36725 53530556 0.564 2.25 1.1 37625 53036557 0.564 2.19 32.4 32022 51036558 0.566 2.26 30 33684 51470559 0.564 2.25 31.1 37625 53036560 0.564 2.27 30 34075 50840561 0.565 2.27 30.4 34501 50275562 0.567 2.26 26.5 35645 49705563 0.565 2.2 31.4 33205 51454564 0.565 2.27 31.7 35890 51154565 0.566 2.18 34.4 34739 51371566 0.564 2.23 30.9 34023 51235567 0.804 3.19 31.3 35454 50717568 0.79 3.19 28.8 34683 50342569 0.799 3.13 30.9 35899 20171570 0.803 3.13 32.9 35543 51734571 0.798 3.14 30.2 31991 49586572 0.8 3.06 33 27852 49786573 0.99 5 22.8 31826 51963574 0.99 5 26.4 32216 51312575 0.99 5 24.8 32475 53260576 0.99 5 21.6 32475 54299577 0.99 6 20.3 32346 53260578 1.1 7 25.3 31579 52631579 1.1 7 25.4 31368 51579580 1.1 6.75 24.4 32831 52720581 1.1 6.75 24.9 32421 51773582 1.1 7.5 20.6 31894 52631583 1.23 7 19.5 31986 51346584 1.23 7 15.5 33670 52609585 1.23 7 14 34511 55134586 1.23 5.5 31.6 32823 31346587 1.24 6 17 33123 52666588 1.38 8 21 35427 52550589 1.38 8 16.8 36764 52489590 1.38 8.25 24.2 33763 51347591 1.38 7 21.8 32092 53286
175Table A.5 (continued) Detailed Investigation of the Strength ofWrought Iron Bars Part II, Reported by BeardsleeTest Diameter Length Percent Elongation Elastic Limit Tensile LimitNumber (in) (in) (per original length) (psi) (psi)592 1.38 7 20.9 34298 51013593 1.5 9 22 35993 50993594 1.5 9 27 35936 51499595 1.5 7.5 24.6 33105 50820596 1.5 9 35.6 33331 52572597 1.625 6 22.6 34978 21590598 1.625 6 27.3 36499 51109599 1.625 9.75 23.9 32635 50782600 1.625 9 24.4 32779 50830601 1.625 10 25.9 33236 50538602 1.73 8 24 29987 49553603 1.73 8 25.2 29561 49553604 1.74 7 25.7 29859 49831605 1.74 7.2 26.4 24852 49287606 1.74 10 30.5 30278 50464607 1.86 11 20.9 23408 48943608 1.86 11 23.6 23187 48398609 1.87 10 26.3 33711 48948610 1.87 9 21.4 33861 49517611 1.86 9 23.5 31593 49499612 2 12 23 27021 47581613 2 12 23.5 27371 48058614 2 12 23.5 27307 47099615 2 10 24.5 30844 47428616 2 10 22.5 31417 47682617 0.95 5 28 32798 52810618 0.99 6.75 23.7 33762 51675619 1.13 5.5 22.2 33300 51949620 1.3 7 21.1 30212 50403621 1.4 7.5 25.3 32675 50709622 1.55 9 23.9 31400 49605623 1.61 7.2 26.5 34482 50201624 1.71 8.6 24 33972 49682625 1.87 8.65 23.9 31166 48170626 0.502 2.5 25.2 41940 51823627 0.504 2.58 NA 37844 50877628 0.503 2.35 30.1 36739 51205629 0.503 2.25 30.8 37493 51708630 0.503 2.32 NA 33866 51675631 0.5 2.55 NA 32742 50165
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Purdue UniversityPurdue e-PubsJTRP
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1. Report No. 2. Government Accessi
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epairing a bent wrought iron tensio
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vPageCHAPTER 3TEST PROCEDURES FOR M
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1
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xiFigurePageFigure 3.30 Top View of
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xiiiFigurePageFigure 5.12 Typical T
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xvAppendix FigurePageFigure D.7 Ini
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viiiAppendix TablePageTable A.5 Det
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iiiThe authors would also like to t
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2but also what material properties
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4microstructure of the metal. The c
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62. LITERATURE SEARCHBefore experim
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8imperfections, the performance of
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10wrought iron. Adding the slag aft
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12method for manufacturing wrought
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14patents for their process and tra
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16This method of testing of structu
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18plot of this percent elongation d
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20significant variation in the perc
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22The practice of restoring histori
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24Elleby, Wallace W. Sanders, F. Wa
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26From all the surveys that were di
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28Table 2.1 Average Ultimate Streng
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30Figure 2.3 Wrought Iron “Sponge
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32Histogram of Kirkaldy Wrought Iro
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34Percent Occurance in Range - %45.
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3660Combined Wrought Iron BarsTensi
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38The Bell Ford Bridge consisted of
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40Two. These samples were taken fro
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42specimens were of constant cross
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44Along with rectangular tensile co
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46After the initial test loading wa
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483.6 Fatigue TestingTo develop a b
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50The final specimen category consi
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52This analysis was completed using
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54After the initial test was comple
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56completed, but before the surface
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58readings, load cell readings and
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60Figure 3.3 Donated Eyebars 4 and
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62Figure 3.7 Heated Areas in Blue o
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64Figure 3.11 Detail Used in Groove
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66900080007000y = 27.153xR 2 = 0.99
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68Figure 3.19 Charpy Impact Testing
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70Figure 3.23 Eyebar Connection in
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72Figure 3.27 Eyebar A After Filler
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74Figure 3.31 Side View of Finished
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76Figure 3.35 Front View of Eyebar
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78strength from the existence of pe
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80The carbon content present in the
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82value may not be very accurate bu
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84strengths was found to be 29,940
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86wrought iron bars were investigat
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88stresses are induced. These perma
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90toughness the material. The test
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92From the finite element analysis,
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94Table 4.1 Chemical Analysis of Ey
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96Table 4.3 Tensile Coupon Test Res
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98Table 4.5 Charpy Impact Test Resu
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100Table 4.7 Comparison of Strain G
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102Figure 4.1 Typical Micrograph of
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104Figure 4.5 Fracture Surface of D
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106Comparison of Tensile Strengthfo
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108Combined Wrought Iron Bar Histor
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110Figure 4.17 Macrograph of Weld u
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112Figure 4.21 Cleavage Fracture of
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Figure 4.25 Elongation of Hole in E
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116signs on or near the bridge that
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118testing of historic wrought iron
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120so that they would act in symmet
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122The reasons for the differences
Page 144 and 145: 124The second corrosion pattern mod
Page 146 and 147: 126Keating (1984) stated that the s
Page 148 and 149: 128charcoal fire until it is red ho
Page 150 and 151: 130Figure 5.3 Picture of Bottom Cho
Page 152 and 153: 132Figure 5.7 Using Force After Usi
Page 154 and 155: 134Figure 5.11 Reassembling a Pin C
Page 156 and 157: 1366. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPL
Page 158 and 159: 138rectangular in shape. These eyeb
Page 160 and 161: 140were joined together with a full
Page 162 and 163: 1424. The Charpy impact energy of t
Page 164 and 165: 144connections are unsymmetrical, i
Page 166 and 167: 146LIST OF REFERENCESAASHTO (1998).
Page 168 and 169: 148Hodgkinson, Eaton (1840). Experi
Page 170 and 171: 150Appendix A. Data Collected From
Page 172 and 173: 152Table A.1 Wrought Iron Bar Tensi
Page 174 and 175: 154Table A.1 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 176 and 177: 156Table A.2 (continued) Wrought Ir
Page 178 and 179: 158Table A.3 Wrought Iron Angle Ten
Page 180 and 181: 160Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 182 and 183: 162Table A.4 (continued) Summary of
Page 184 and 185: 164Table A.5 (continued) Detailed I
Page 204 and 205: 184Table A.7 Tensile Strength Data
Page 206 and 207: 186Table B.1 Example Historic Wroug
Page 208 and 209: 188DepartmentofTransportationIf you
Page 210 and 211: 190CountyIf your organizationdoes m
Page 212 and 213: 192County 16: County bridge inspect
Page 214 and 215: 194State 13: Included in original d
Page 216 and 217: 196Figure C.1 Diagrams Showing Loca
Page 218 and 219: 198Figure C.3 Heating of Eyebar fro
Page 220 and 221: 200Figure C.7 Double V Butt Joint u
Page 222 and 223: 202Figure C. 11 Welded Tensile Coup
Page 224 and 225: 204Figure C.15 Tensile Coupon from
Page 226 and 227: 206Figure C.19 Cooling Bath with Su
Page 228 and 229: 208Figure C.23 Side View of Eyebar
Page 230 and 231: 210Figure C.27 Eyebar End Connectio
Page 232 and 233: 212Appendix D. Welding Procedure fo
Page 234 and 235: 214D.2 Filler Weld for Eyebar Conne
Page 236 and 237: 216Figure D.1 Weld Joint Detail Use
Page 238 and 239: Figure D.5 Completed Weld Before Su
Page 240 and 241: 220Figure D.7 Initial Pass Pattern
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